Medical diagnosis involves analyzing symptoms, test results, and patient histories, but uncertainty from vague symptoms and incomplete records complicates the process. Fuzzy logic-based systems address this issue but often depend on manual rule creation, which is time-consuming. This research proposes a hybrid approach integrating fuzzy logic with deep learning techniques (FL-DLT) for intelligent diagnosis. The framework combines adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for handling uncertainty with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for extracting features from medical images like X-rays and MRIs. ANFIS models relationships between symptoms, results, and diagnoses, while CNNs analyze medical images. Experimental results show high accuracy and reliability, even with noisy or incomplete data. The proposed approach can improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency, supporting clinicians in decision-making. Key contributions include the development of the FL-DLT framework and its evaluation using a large dataset of patient records and medical images. Additionally, the research offers insights into the application of fuzzy logic and deep learning in medical diagnosis, highlighting their potential to enhance diagnostic outcomes and efficiency in clinical practice.

The development of fuzzy computational intelligence (FCI) has emerged as an effective method for personalized medicine and diagnosis. FCI effectively handles uncertainty and imprecision in medical data, facilitating patient-specific treatment recommendations. Conventional diagnostic and treatment methods typically rely on fixed threshold-based approaches, which fail to account for individual variations in patient responses, leading to suboptimal treatment outcomes. This study proposes the personalized treatment recommendation using fuzzy logic (PTR-FC) framework for diabetes (DB) patients to address these challenges. The framework integrates patient-specific data such as blood glucose levels, diet, exercise, and medication history into the fuzzy inference system (FIS), supporting personalized treatment recommendations. The treatment plans are dynamically adapted based on individual patient outcomes using linguistic factors and fuzzy rules (FR). The proposed method dynamically adjusts recommendations in real time, potentially enhancing personalized treatment and improving decision-making in DB management. Additionally, it promotes lifestyle modifications while reducing the risk of medication-induced complications. The effectiveness of the proposed method was compared to conventional methods, demonstrating improved treatment accuracy, increased patient adherence, and reduced adverse health risks. The PTR-FC framework offers a more adaptive and effective approach to DB management, ensuring better patient outcomes.