Antiferroelectric materials release and store a large amount of energy during field-induced phase transition, which is of great value in the field of energy storage. Lead-free silver niobate (AgNbO₃) antiferroelectric ceramics have attracted much attention as environmentally friendly energy storage materials. On the basis of a large number of existing studies, this paper introduces the latest development of lead-free antiferroelectric ceramics represented by AgNbO₃ in the field of dielectric energy storage from the perspective of structure characteristics and performance control. The existing methods of energy storage performance control are summarized from two perspectives of component control and process optimization, and the origin mechanism of energy storage enhancement is classified. The energy storage performance of silver niobate antiferroelectric ceramics is prospected. It is believed that this paper will provide new ideas for the future research on the improvement of energy storage performance of AgNbO₃-based antiferroelectric materials.