With the development of globalization and e-commerce, pallet closed-loop sharing is of great significance to the logistics industry. However, it faces numerous challenges in practical operation. This study aims to deeply analyze the influencing factors of the pallet closed-loop sharing operation model, reveal the interdependent relationships among various factors, identify the key factors, provide strategic guidance for logistics enterprises, and promote the optimization of the pallet closed - loop sharing system and the sustainable development of the logistics industry.

Literature research method was used to sort out existing research results, and, the key factors affecting the pallet closed-loop sharing operation model were determined through comprehensive analysis. The questionnaire survey method was applied, and 157 experts in the pallet field were invited to score the correlation degrees among 13 influencing factors, and then a direct influence matrix is constructed. On this basis, by using the combined method of the decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and the Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM), parameters such as the degree of influence, the degree of being influenced, centrality, and causality were calculated, and a hierarchical structure model was constructed.

Through calculation and analysis, key influencing factors such as government policies, the standardization level of pallet manufacturing enterprises, the service network coverage of pallet operation enterprises, and the environmental awareness of pallet - using enterprises were identified. From the perspective of influence levels, factors such as the product quality control of pallet manufacturing companies and the operation management efficiency of pallets are at the direct influence level; factors such as the service network coverage of pallet closed-loop sharing and the pallet operation service system belong to the intermediate influence level; factors such as the pallet specification standardization system and the support for pallet closed - loop sharing constitute the fundamental influence level. Low-level factors affect high-level factors and ultimately act on the pallet closed-loop sharing operation model.

This study constructed a reasonable and effective influencing factor system for the pallet closed-loop sharing operation model. With the help of the hierarchical structure model, it helps enterprises clarify the direct and deep-seated reasons affecting pallet closed-loop sharing. The research results provide a clear management perspective for logistics enterprises, which is helpful for enterprises to identify and prioritize key issues, and improve the efficiency and sustainability of the pallet closed-loop sharing system. At the same time, the research points out that the successful implementation of the pallet closed-loop sharing system requires the collaborative cooperation of the government, enterprises, and all sectors of society. Future research can focus on the practical application of strategies and their adaptive adjustments in different regions and industries.

Exploring the vulnerability influencing factors in the circulation process of forest fruit cold chain logistics, aiming to put forward a method of identifying the key influencing factors of vulnerability in forest fruit cold chain logistics in view of the problems of high loss, low circulation rate, and easy to be interrupted in the cold chain circulation process of forest fruits.

The main business links, participating parties and the vulnerability of forest fruit cold chain logistics were sorted out, the vulnerability factors were identified by integrating the literature research method and the Delphi method, and the key influencing factors of forest fruit cold chain logistics vulnerability were identified by integrating the Decision making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and the Interpretative Structural Model (ISM). The multi-level hierarchical structure model was drawn to explore the deep-seated causes of the vulnerability of forest fruit cold chain logistics and to grasp the intrinsic mechanism of vulnerability formation.

It was found that in the forest fruit cold chain logistics system, management quality awareness, information sharing and industry competition pressure were the deep root causes of the vulnerability of forest fruit cold chain logistics, which was the root cause of the vulnerability of this complex system; the complexity of the organizational structure, the quality of forest fruits, the timeliness of the cold chain distribution, and the rational planning of the cold chain logistics path were the surface direct causes, which was the most intuitive appearance of the vulnerability of the forest fruit cold chain logistics; the other influencing factors were the intermediate and indirect causes, which were the transitional layers of the vulnerability of the forest fruit cold chain logistics and were affected by the deep causes and at the same time influence the surface causes.

From the key factors affecting the vulnerability of the cold chain logistics of forest fruits and the deep-rooted causes, it can be concluded that the government departments should improve the policy standards and regulatory system of the cold chain logistics of forest fruits to create a favorable environment for the stable development of the cold chain logistics of forest fruits; the industry should formulate the industry norms to ensure the benign competition and to reduce the loss of forest fruits; the enterprises should improve the quality consciousness during the production process, introduce the cold chain professionals, improve the degree of the employees’ work synergy and the degree of the information sharing among the enterprises, and increase the rate of the circulation of the forest fruits in the cold chain.

In view of the current situation that the links of the cold chain logistics of forest and fruit products were not closely linked and the participants lacked effective connection and interaction, the realization path of the ideal symbiosis mode of the participants in the cold chain logistics of forest and fruit was constructed to promote the resource sharing and complementary advantages of the participants in the cold chain logistics of forest and fruit, further enhance the market competitiveness of the participants, and realize the symbiosis and mutual benefit of the three, so as to promote the high-quality development of forestry in China.

The Lotka-Volterra dynamic evolution models of the two and three subjects of the cold chain logistics system of forest and fruit products were constructed respectively and the equilibrium points and stability conditions of the two and three subjects under different symbiotic modes were explored. The symbiotic evolution trend of the two and three subjects was analyzed by numerical simulation, and the influence of the addition of cold chain logistics providers on the internal symbiotic relationship of the cold chain logistics system of forest and fruit products was discussed.

It was found that the symbiotic evolution results and equilibrium stability conditions of the cold chain logistics of forest and fruit products were determined by the symbiotic interaction coefficient. The symbiotic mode of the two subjects was difficult to achieve the overall mutual symbiosis due to the constraints of transportation technology and other constraints. The maximum environmental capacity of the two subjects was less than the maximum environmental capacity of the symbiotic evolution of the three subjects introduced by the cold chain logistics provider. The final stable scale of the participants in the cold chain logistics of forest and fruit products reached the maximum model was the three-subject reciprocal symbiosis model. The introduction of cold chain logistics providers significantly increased the scale of forest and fruit product business entities and demanders. The model was the best state of the symbiotic evolution of the cold chain logistics system of forest and fruit products, and it was a true sense of reciprocal symbiosis.

In order to promote the formation of the three-subject reciprocal symbiosis model of cold chain logistics of forest and fruit products, the participants of forest and fruit cold chain logistics should pay attention to innovation and service level while improving their competitiveness. Local governments should take comprehensive control measures to balance the development of various participants and coordinate the relationship; the central government should actively improve the standardization of the market and provide a good external environment to promote the formation of its mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship.