With the development of globalization and e-commerce, pallet closed-loop sharing is of great significance to the logistics industry. However, it faces numerous challenges in practical operation. This study aims to deeply analyze the influencing factors of the pallet closed-loop sharing operation model, reveal the interdependent relationships among various factors, identify the key factors, provide strategic guidance for logistics enterprises, and promote the optimization of the pallet closed - loop sharing system and the sustainable development of the logistics industry.

Literature research method was used to sort out existing research results, and, the key factors affecting the pallet closed-loop sharing operation model were determined through comprehensive analysis. The questionnaire survey method was applied, and 157 experts in the pallet field were invited to score the correlation degrees among 13 influencing factors, and then a direct influence matrix is constructed. On this basis, by using the combined method of the decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and the Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM), parameters such as the degree of influence, the degree of being influenced, centrality, and causality were calculated, and a hierarchical structure model was constructed.

Through calculation and analysis, key influencing factors such as government policies, the standardization level of pallet manufacturing enterprises, the service network coverage of pallet operation enterprises, and the environmental awareness of pallet - using enterprises were identified. From the perspective of influence levels, factors such as the product quality control of pallet manufacturing companies and the operation management efficiency of pallets are at the direct influence level; factors such as the service network coverage of pallet closed-loop sharing and the pallet operation service system belong to the intermediate influence level; factors such as the pallet specification standardization system and the support for pallet closed - loop sharing constitute the fundamental influence level. Low-level factors affect high-level factors and ultimately act on the pallet closed-loop sharing operation model.

This study constructed a reasonable and effective influencing factor system for the pallet closed-loop sharing operation model. With the help of the hierarchical structure model, it helps enterprises clarify the direct and deep-seated reasons affecting pallet closed-loop sharing. The research results provide a clear management perspective for logistics enterprises, which is helpful for enterprises to identify and prioritize key issues, and improve the efficiency and sustainability of the pallet closed-loop sharing system. At the same time, the research points out that the successful implementation of the pallet closed-loop sharing system requires the collaborative cooperation of the government, enterprises, and all sectors of society. Future research can focus on the practical application of strategies and their adaptive adjustments in different regions and industries.