Developing phase-change fabrics for multi-source energy harvesting is crucial for personal thermal management, yet modulus mismatch between elastic matrices and rigid fillers still causes functional failure under deformation. Herein, a deformation-adaptive, hierarchically structured phase change fabric is engineered via coaxial electrospinning followed by pre-strain–assisted MXene deposition. This design robustly encapsulates a paraffin wax (PW) core within a polyurethane (PU) sheath to prevent leakage, while the wrinkled MXene architecture mechanically decouples the rigid conductive network from the stretchable substrate. This geometry accommodates tensile strain through geometric unfolding, preserving a substantial latent heat of 105.0 J g⁻¹ alongside excellent gas permeability. Consequently, the fabric exhibits deformation-insensitive thermal performance, maintaining saturation temperatures of 42.3 °C (100% strain, 50 mW cm^-2 irradiation) and 41.7 °C (90% strain, 2 V). Simulations further highlight its robust reliability in cold environments (−4 °C), a 238 s photothermal charge sustains comfort for 2960 s, while a mere 120 s electrothermal input extends protection for over 2864 s. Even under 150% tensile strain, the electrothermal mode maintains skin temperature around 30 °C after ≈2800 s. By synergizing mechanical robustness, breathability, and reversible energy storage, this work presents a versatile structural strategy for multi-scenario wearable thermal management.

The rapid improvement in the running speed, transmission efficiency, and power density of miniaturized devices means that multifunctional flexible composites with excellent thermal management capability and high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance are urgently required. Here, inspired by the fibrous pathways of the human nervous system, a “core–sheath” fibers structured strategy was proposed to prepare thermoplastic polyurethane/polydopamine/carbon nanotube (TPU/PDA/CNT) composites film with thermal management capability and EMI shielding performance. Firstly, TPU@PDA@CNT fibers with CNT shell were prepared by a facile polydopamine-assisted coating on electrospun TPU fibers. Subsequently, TPU/PDA/CNT composites with three-dimensional (3D) fibrous CNT “tracks” are obtained by a hot-pressing process, where CNTs distributed on adjacent fibers are compactly contacted. The fabricated TPU/PDA/CNT composites exhibit a high in-plane thermal conductivity (TC) of 9.6 W/(m·K) at low CNT loading of 7.6 wt.%. In addition, it also presents excellent mechanical properties and excellent EMI shielding effectiveness of 48.3 dB as well as multi-source driven thermal management capabilities. Hence, this study provides a simple yet scalable technique to prepare composites with advanced thermal management and EMI shielding performance to develop new-generation wireless communication technologies and portable intelligent electronic devices.