In this research, the preparation of licorice extract and the biosynthesis of manganese oxide in the treatment of stomach cancer were investigated by examining the cytotoxicity of the stomach cancer line. The structural properties of manganese oxide were also studied through X-ray examination, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and infrared spectroscopy, where it was found that manganese oxide is polycrystalline, and the average grain size is 62.571 nm, but by SEM, the grain size is 93.49–47.74 nm.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized from cinnamon and bay leaves using chemical and environment-friendly synthesis approaches. The biosynthesized NPs were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), which confirmed their crystalline nature. The morphology of the NPs was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The XRD analysis data showed average grain sizes of 9.968, 18.547, and 29.983 nm for the ZnO NPs. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum and XRD patterns showed that the synthesized ZnO NPs were unadulterated. These ZnO NPs were then used as antibacterial agents against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae). The antifungal activity of the biosynthesized NPs was also tested against common unicellular fungi (Candida albicans). The results showed that ZnO NPs extracted from cinnamon demonstrated a higher antibacterial activity compared with those of the NPs extracted from bay leaves or the chemically prepared ones.

As a result of increasingly rigorous environmental legislation and industry adoption of waste minimization recommendations, the development of recycling and reuse possibilities for metal-related trash has become increasingly important.Inthis research, calcium oxide and mixture of calcium, iron, and magnesium oxides was extracted from the wastes of cement factories using hydrofluoric acid. As a result, this research provides a comprehensive picture of waste recycling, and reuse throughout extraction and it examines the current state and potential developments in mineral and metal waste recycling and reusing them in different applications, among these applications, it is used CaO and CaO:MgO:Fe₂O₃ NPs in medical applications, including uterine cancer. Characterizations of the extracted nano-products were done using (XRD) which confirmed the crystalline nature of CaO and the mixture of CaO:MgO:Fe₂O₃ NPs. More, (FESEM) has been used to demonstrate the morphology of the nanostructures of CaO and the mixture CaO:MgO:Fe₂O₃ NPs. The data yielded the average grain size of CaO and the mixture CaO:MgO:Fe₂O₃ NPs calculated by SEM and XRD (64.08, 84.2) nm and (38.636, 31.597) nm respectively. (EDS) spectrum and XRD pattern suggested that prepared CaO and the mixed CaO:MgO:Fe₂O₃ NPs were highly pure. In addition, the ability of NPs as a promising anticancer agent was tested against MES-SA cells line, according to the MTT assay results of MES-SA cells the I_C50 (91.65 and 98.4) μg/mL for CaO and CaO:MgO:Fe₂O₃ NPs respectively. The results showed that the extracted nanoparticles CaO and the mixture CaO:MgO:Fe₂O₃ NPs served as an anticancer agent.