With the widespread development of pumped storage power station planning and construction, the winter operation of existing high cold area face rockfill dams is significantly affected by ice damage, leading to problems such as easy detachment after long-term immersion, delamination due to frost heaving, and damage from ice pushing and ice scraping of traditional surface protective materials for panels. To meet the performance requirements of surface protective materials for panels in cold regions, a fluorine-modified polyurethane surface anti-icing material has been prepared using the fluorine-terminated agent 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctanol. The ice adhesion strength, mechanical properties, and water resistance of the materials were experimentally demonstrated. After a winter on-site engineering verification of the 1^#~2^# panels on the left bank of the upper reservoir dam at a pumped storage power station in a severe cold region, the material did not exhibit long-term immersion or delamination and showed good anti-seepage and anti-icing performance. These results represent a breakthrough in surface waterproofing and anti-icing technology for concrete face rockfill dams in high cold regions.

Transparent rigid polyurethanes with different hard segment (HS) contents were prepared using 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, polytetrahydrofuran polyether, high hydroxyl-value polyether polyol, and trimethylolpropane as raw materials. The mechanical properties, optical and dynamic mechanical properties, and the thermal resistance of the transparent rigid polyurethanes with different HS contents were studied using an electronic universal testing machine, a hardness tester, a light transmittance and haze tester, a dynamic mechanical analyzer, and a thermogravimetric analyzer, respectively. The results showed that as the HS content increased, the tensile strength and hardness of the polyurethane gradually increased. The maximum tensile strength reached 62.0 MPa and the Shore D hardness at 20 ℃ had a maximum value of 84. The visible light transmittance ranged from 91.06% to 92.08%, and the haze ranged from 1.62% to 1.71%. The glass transition temperature increased gradually, reaching a maximum value of 92.5 ℃. The temperature range with tan δ ≥ 0.5 shifted toward higher temperatures and broadened. The temperature at 5% weight loss exhibited an initial decreasing trend followed by an increase, reaching a minimum of 286.6 ℃. As the HS content increased from 80% to 85%, the thermal decomposition process of the HS shifted from two stages to a single one.