Non-thermal plasma (NTP) offers a promising route for direct CO2 reduction with H2O under ambient conditions, whereas the non-selective reactivity of gaseous ·H and ·OH radicals from H2O dissociation severely limits selectivity toward value-added products, such as C2H4. Here, we synthesized a ternary metal-cluster organic framework (CeHfZr) that adsorbed H2O to form a surface hydrogen-bonded network and utilized high-energy electrons to generate solvated ·H and ·OH radicals in situ, effectively promoting CO2 conversion to C2H4. This catalyst achieved a C2H4 production rate of 164.6 μmol/(g·h) under 20% CO2, which displayed a 15-fold enhancement over Ce, with a sustained stability over 180 min. In-situ IR spectroscopy and mechanistic analysis demonstrated that the hydrogen-bonded H2O network on CeHfZr enabled in situ ionization to produce ·H and ·OH radicals. The ·OH radicals eliminated deep-seated carbon deposits to regenerate active sites, together with the ·H radicals underwent rapid conversion to adsorbed *H through proton transfer along the hydrogen-bonded network, thereby driving C-C coupling for enhanced C2H4 production. This research offers insights into the rational design of catalysts for non-thermal plasma-driven CO2 reduction to C2H4.
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Nano Research
Available online: 09 July 2026
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