As the global demand for resources continues to rise, the scale of deep underground engineering development expands, facing increasingly complex geological conditions and high-stress environments. This shift has made the study of the dynamic characteristics of deep rock masses with structural planes a hot and challenging research topic in recent years. Firstly, a systematic summary of the dynamic shear and tensile characteristics of structural planes was conducted, along with an in-depth analysis of the impact of various factors on their dynamic behavior. Additionally, the effect of structural plane effects on the dynamic properties of rock masses was explored, particularly regarding dynamic strength and deformation. Furthermore, the triggering mechanisms and prevention technologies for common deep dynamic disasters, such as rock bursts, large deformations, and dynamic pressure, have been reviewed, emphasizing the importance of establishing an effective theoretical and technical system. Finally, a forward-looking perspective on future research directions for the dynamic characteristics of deep rock masses with structural planes and disaster prevention technologies is offered, calling for the integration of emerging technologies and theoretical methods to enhance the depth and breadth of research, thereby promoting the safety and effectiveness in engineering practice.