The anchor-surrounded pier foundation is a new type of foundation form in transmission line engineering, and its deformation damage mode and composite bearing characteristics are still unclear. Combined with the laboratory test and numerical simulation method, the load test of the anchor-surrounded pier foundation is carried out. The results show that: The anchor-surrounded pier foundation in the undercropping medium-weathered and strongly weathered rock layer in the resistance to pullout loading curves are respectively "steeply variable" and "slowly variable"; The damage modes are "short pile dislodged damage, accompanied by anchor fracture" and "short pile dislodged damage along the periphery of group anchors", respectively; The compressive loading curves of composite foundations in different underlying rock formations are "steep change type", and the damage modes are "short pile stabbing damage". The ultimate bearing capacity of a single pile increases with the increase of the diameter of the short pile, the depth of the socketed rock, and the thickness of the soil layer on the side of the pile. The single pile pullout bearing capacity of anchor is about the sum of the pullout bearing capacity of traditional pure short pile and pure anchor foundation, and the single pile compressive bearing capacity is slightly larger than that of the traditional pure short pile foundation; the horizontal load greatly weakened the composite foundation bearing capacity, and it should be paid attention to.