The study on the spatial distribution pattern and driving factors of immovable cultural relics resources can reveal the law of their historical development, present the process of regional civilization and cultural development, and provide a reasonable basis for their protection and sustainable utilization. With the help of GIS spatial analysis functions geographic detectors are used, taking the immovable cultural relics as the research object, discusses their spatial pattern and its influencing factors. The results show that: The urban spatial distribution of immovable cultural relics is agglomerated and "dual-core and multi-center". Its spatial differentiation is influenced by geographical and environmental factors such as altitude, slope, aspect, distance from water resources, administrative center, military center and traffic road, there are obvious differences in the single factor detection, the slope is the strongest explanation of natural geographical environment factors, and the setting and change of administrative center in human geographical environment factors also play a leading role in the spatial differentiation structure. The interaction between the factors has obvious synergistic enhancement effect, indicating that the spatial pattern differentiation is significantly affected by the comprehensive influence of multiple factors.

Taking the national key cultural relics protection units in Gansu Province as the research object, based on the spatial analysis technology of geographic information, the time evolution, spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of cultural relics in Gansu Province is studied through GIS and other quantitative analysis tools. It presents that the distribution of cultural relics in Gansu Province is in the form of aggregation distribution as a whole, which has significant regional differences in regional space, and there are also significant stage characteristics in each historical period. By analyzing the causes of its layout, it is found that the interaction of natural factors and social factors has a synergistic driving effect on the formation of the spatio-temporal pattern of national key cultural relics protection units. Based on this, some suggestions are put forward for the protection and utilization of cultural relics.

The Hexi Corridor is a place where the Central Plains’ agricultural culture and the north’s nomadic culture blend, and it is also a transportation hub of the Silk Road. Reasonable protection and utilization of the cultural heritage resources of the Hexi Corridor are of great significance for delineating the longitude and latitude of civilization and demonstrating cultural confidence. This paper takes the cultural protection unit in the Hexi Corridor as the research sample and explores the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the cultural heritage in the Hexi Corridor with the help of spatial analysis technology of ArcGIS and systematic analysis methods such as closest-neighbor index, kernel density, center of gravity model, and standard deviation ellipse, etc., and explores the main driving factors of spatial variations with the help of geodetic detector model. Ten natural factors, such as elevation, slope direction, soil, forest, vegetation, topography, and river network density, were selected to identify their effects and interactions on the spatial distribution of cultrualheritage. The results show that: ① in terms of spatial density, the heritage resources as a whole are "dense in the southeast, sparse in the northwest, small clusters" of spatial distribution characteristics, density of the core area is mainly distributed along the Silk Road. ② In the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, ancient sites, ancient tombs, buildings, and modern times are clustered in the southeast. In contrast, grotto temples are clustered in the northwest, the heritage of the historical period of cultural protection unit along the northwest-southeast oriented back-and-forth migration. ③ The dominant factors affecting the spatial distribution of cultural protection unit in the Hexi Corridor include three factors, namely, vegetation, topography, and soil subclasses, with two-factor enhancement attributes.