Motorised transport modes, dominated by small cars, have a range of negative impacts globally, such as air pollution, energy consumption, traffic injuries, static lifestyles and an increase in obesity and diabetes in the population. Healthy transportation not only improves casualties in the existing transportation system but also has compounding health values such as creating a healthy social environment and improving public health. The United States has developed a relatively mature system for the planning, construction and management of healthy transportation. The development policies, planning systems and management models of healthy transportation in the United States are reviewed, and their characteristics and experiences are summarised and explained through relevant case studies, with a view to providing inspiration for the healthy and sustainable development of urban transportation in China.

Active commuting to school plays a crucial role in promoting physical activity and positively contributes to children's physical and mental health. While extensive attention has been paid to the impact of built environment on children's active commuting to school, there is still a lack of consideration for the joint effects and differences in the impact of built environment of neighborhood and school. In this study, a crossclassified multilevel model is employed to investigate the effects of neighborhood and school built environment on children's active commuting to school in Xi'an. Our findings indicate that: ① Neighborhood built environment has a greater impact on children's active commuting to school compared to school built environment; ② Neighborhood and school built environment factors that affect children's active commuting to school are different. For instance, while an increase in the number of school bus stops promotes active commuting to school, factors such as mixed land use, number of school cafeterias, and number of intersections contribute negatively to children's active commuting. ③ Built environment moderates the effect of distance to school on active commuting to school. An increase in the number of neighborhood stores exacerbated the negative effect of distance on active commuting to school; neighborhood population density, number of bus stops, and school greenery promoted active commuting to school by weakening the negative effect of distance. These research outcomes hold significant implications for developing public policies and spatial adjustments that aim to promote active commuting to schools among children.

Traditional villages are an important carrier for promoting rural revitalization and new urbanization construction. The spatial distribution characteristics of 182 national-level traditional villages in Shaanxi Province were analyzed as research objects. Using ArcGIS network analysis and GWR model, the spatial differentiation of traditional village accessibility characteristics and influencing factors at the county and town scales were analyzed in depth. The results of the study show that: ① The national-level traditional villages in Shaanxi Province are characterized by agglomeration spatial distribution, forming four main agglomeration area in space. ② The overall level of accessibility is low, showing a stepwise decline centered on Guanzhong. ③ There is strong spatial instability in the accessibility and influencing factors of traditional village accessibility at different spatial scales. At the county level, the elevation has a positive correlation with the accessibility of traditional villages. However, at the town level, both positive and negative relationships coexist, and are characterized by a gradual increase from the northwestern part of Yulin and the central part of Weinan to the peripheral circles. At the county level, the distance to neighboring rivers is negatively correlated with the level of accessibility of traditional villages. However, at the town level, its impact on accessibility shows a decreasing trend from southern and northern Shaanxi to the central part of the country. ④ Elevation, slope, and the distance to neighboring rivers are the main factors in the accessibility of national-level traditional villages in Shaanxi Province and have different influencing effects in different areas. Research on the accessibility of traditional villages can help reveal the ways to improve the accessibility of traditional villages in different regions, and can provide a scientific basis for the formulation of future conservation and utilization strategies for traditional villages.