Spatial differentiation of accessibility characteristics and influencing factors of traditional villages in Shaanxi Province

Traditional villages are an important carrier for promoting rural revitalization and new urbanization construction. The spatial distribution characteristics of 182 national-level traditional villages in Shaanxi Province were analyzed as research objects. Using ArcGIS network analysis and GWR model, the spatial differentiation of traditional village accessibility characteristics and influencing factors at the county and town scales were analyzed in depth. The results of the study show that: ① The national-level traditional villages in Shaanxi Province are characterized by agglomeration spatial distribution, forming four main agglomeration area in space. ② The overall level of accessibility is low, showing a stepwise decline centered on Guanzhong. ③ There is strong spatial instability in the accessibility and influencing factors of traditional village accessibility at different spatial scales. At the county level, the elevation has a positive correlation with the accessibility of traditional villages. However, at the town level, both positive and negative relationships coexist, and are characterized by a gradual increase from the northwestern part of Yulin and the central part of Weinan to the peripheral circles. At the county level, the distance to neighboring rivers is negatively correlated with the level of accessibility of traditional villages. However, at the town level, its impact on accessibility shows a decreasing trend from southern and northern Shaanxi to the central part of the country. ④ Elevation, slope, and the distance to neighboring rivers are the main factors in the accessibility of national-level traditional villages in Shaanxi Province and have different influencing effects in different areas. Research on the accessibility of traditional villages can help reveal the ways to improve the accessibility of traditional villages in different regions, and can provide a scientific basis for the formulation of future conservation and utilization strategies for traditional villages.