To systematically review the research progress of intelligent fracturing technology in unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, by integrating machine learning algorithms (e.g., random forest and gradient boosting), the embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM), fiber-optic/microseismic monitoring technologies, and smart equipment, this study analyzes technological breakthroughs and application cases in key aspects such as reservoir parameter prediction, fracture propagation simulation, and real-time control. Results demonstrate that the random forest and gradient boosting models demonstrated optimal performance in permeability prediction (R²>0.92). The EDFM-AI workflow reduces fracture parameter calibration errors to 6.8%. Fiber-optic monitoring technology achieves sub-millimeter resolution in fracture detection. The intelligent early-warning system predicts sand plugging risks 30 seconds in advance (accuracy above 85%). Intelligent fracturing technology significantly enhances reservoir modification efficiency and production, but challenges such as small-sample generalization, multi-source data fusion, and equipment autonomy require further resolution. Establishing a closed-loop technical system encompassing “reservoir evaluation, optimized design, fracture monitoring, anomaly prediction, and equipment control”, and promote the development of intelligent and precise fracturing processes.

This study presents a comprehensive review of the development process and evolutionary paths of the theories and technologies for China’s shale oil and gas resevoir stimulation, aiming to provide theoretical guidance and technical support for the efficient exploration and exploitation of shale resources in the future. By comparing the geological parameters and characteristics of shale reservoirs in China and the United States, we systematically organize the evolutionary paths of fracturing concepts, as well as theoretical models and critical technologies for reservoir stimulation, using the citation tracking method. Accordingly, an overall development framework of techniques for China’s shale oil and gas reservoir stimulation is established. China has adopted “intensive stimulation” techniques to overcome the disadvantages of its shale reservoirs. Consequently, the viscosity of fracturing fluids has been gradually reduced, with slickwater predominating presently (accounting for more than 90%). Meanwhile, proppants have evolved toward micro-proppants for supporting multi-scale fractures, and high-precision processing and interpretation have been achieved for fracture monitoring. These advancements have collectively contributed to the development of a fracturing technology system capable of generating complex fracture networks and the establishment of a closed-loop control system. The evolutionary pattern of the shale reservoir simulation technologies with Chinese characteristics is thus revealed, and future development directions, including geological-engineering integration, water-saving and environmentally friendly technologies, and intelligent equipment, are proposed. This study can serve as a valuable guide for advancing the shale oil and gas revolution and achieving national energy strategic goals.