Emerging contaminants (ECs) are a significant category of newly recognized pollutants with potential risks to human health. Human are exposed to ECs via several ways including air, food, and water. The gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites can be closely linked to multi-organ energy metabolism in the body. Despite substantial studies on the health impacts induced by ECs, a comprehensive understanding of the pathways through which ECs influence gut-target organ energy metabolism remains absent. This study demonstrates that ECs disrupt GM balance, which subsequently triggers systemic inflammation through the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathways, induces insulin resistance (IR) by inhibiting insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) phosphorylation, and impairs bile acid (BA) metabolism via farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling dysregulation. Ultimately, these mechanisms lead to abnormal energy metabolism in multiple organs including the liver, brain, and reproductive system. In addition, probiotics hold promising application potential in alleviating the harmful metabolic effects induced by ECs. By modulating the composition of the GM, enhancing intestinal barrier function, reducing inflammation, and producing metabolic products, probiotics are expected to restore metabolic homeostasis in distant organs. Therefore, this review explores the potential interactions between ECs and the energy metabolism of gut-target organs. It summarizes the detrimental effects of ECs-induced GM, consolidates possible mechanistic pathways linking GM disruption to abnormal energy metabolism, discusses probiotics as potential interventions to support preventive strategies, and suggests that Future research should focus on developing personalized and combined probiotic intervention strategies, and further elucidate their mechanisms of action, in order to fully exploit the health-protective potential of probiotics. 

Food processing activities emit a number of air pollutants, including fine particulate matter (PM), which has emerged as a significant environmental risk factor for human health. In recent years, increased emphasis has been paid to the detrimental health impacts of air pollution. PM, being a primary component of air pollution, has historically been seen as predominantly damaging to the respiratory system. Still, with the deepening of the research, PM enters the intestinal tract through the internal circulation, causing intestinal damage and gut microbiome (GM) disorders, which affects the function of GM, and through the portal or intestinal barriers, it brings a harmful effect on the liver of the human body. Therefore, this paper summarizes the research progress in recent years through the intestinal flora, the mechanism of PM-induced liver injury and the intervention mechanism of lactobacilli (LAB), and explores the effects of PM on the gut-liver axis, and the intervention role of lactobacilli (LAB) through those mechanisms, to provide scientific new ideas for the study of LAB intervention in PM-induced GM disorders leading to liver injury.