Taking the site planning of a university campus in Shandong affected by mining-induced subsidence as a case study, integrating interdisciplinary approaches from architecture, urban and rural planning, geology and mining engineering, and based on asystematic analysis of subsurface conditions, including geological structures, mining-induced subsidence effects, and fault distributions, this study proposes a design philosophy that “subsurface conditions determine above-ground planning, while above-ground planning guides subsurface investigation and design”, and advocates the implementation of design methods featuring, maximizing benefits while minimizing risks, capitalizing on inherent advantages, and integrated planning.With site stability zoning as a prerequisite, aspatial layout for high-rise, multi-storey, and landscape development zones is established, and campus form is optimized in accordance with landform characteristics, resulting in a free-form landscape pattern that responds to the terrain.The results indicate that: The proposed approach can avoid engineering remediation costs associated with mining-induced subsidence hazard zones, andachieve a high green coverage rate of approximately 84% within the built-up area.The research findings could provide technical support and methodological references for the planning of university campuses and similar sites affected by mining-induced subsidence.

Supercritical CO₂-water-rock interactions significantly impact the mechanical integrity of heterogeneous conglomerate reservoirs, challenging their suitability for CO₂ sequestration and enhanced oil recovery. To evaluate these microscale mechanical and structural changes, this study uses a combination of micro-scratch testing, scanning electron microscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The results reveal that the micro-scratch method enables the acquisition of a continuous mechanical property profile, addressing the limitation of traditional rock mechanics that only allows discrete point measurements. Importantly, the scratch failure modes significantly depend on the lithology of conglomerate reservoirs: Felsic and quartz conglomerates exhibit sharp grooves with interfacial shear failure, whereas debris-rich variants develop wavy, fragmented paths. CO₂-water exposure reduces the deformation resistance and causes fracture toughness to initially increase and then decline, with the most severe reduction observed in quartz conglomerates. The degradation of mechanical properties is mainly through mineral dissolution and increased porosity. The findings of this study offer key insights for optimizing storage and recovery strategies in complex reservoirs.