Based on the theory of overlying rock, the impact mechanism of the double-retracement passage of the fully-mechanized mining face is studied based on the method of field measurement, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis based on the background of the terminal section of a fully-mechanized mining face in Ordos. The main conclusions obtained are: the results of field measurement and numerical simulation show that the coal pillars between the main withdrawal lane and the working face in the final mining stage of the fully mechanized face adopting the double-lane withdrawal scheme will bear higher concentrated stress. When the capacity reaches the limit, the risk of coal pillar impact is the highest; according to the theoretical analysis results, the impact mechanism of the double retreat channel in fully mechanized coal mining face is “DLZ” and the high-level rock layers within the range of “SLZ” that it bears will transmit higher static abutment pressure. The stress conditions for the danger of impact on the coal pillars of the retracement road are reached. Theoretical analysis, simulation, and on-site research results are in good agreement; the control mechanism of rockburst with double withdrawal channels in fully mechanized mining face is: determine reasonable pressure relief parameters, release coal accumulated energy through the construction of large-diameter boreholes, and strengthen the bolt support Density is used to reduce the degree of damage to the surrounding rock structure, and at the same time strengthen the monitoring and early warning of dangerous areas to ensure that the surrounding rock of the roadway is in a state of “low stress and strong support”.

In view of the research on the modification of roadway surrounding rock, the combination of theoretical analysis and laboratory test is mainly used to theoretically analyze the factors affecting the plastic zone range of surrounding rock before modification. The mechanical properties and acoustic emission characteristics of the specimens in different time periods after modification were studied by experiments. The fracture mechanics of the surrounding rock modified body was studied by compressive, tensile, shear and acoustic emission experiments. The results show that the range of plastic zone of surrounding rock before modification is affected by parameters such as support resistance, lateral pressure coefficient, softening coefficient, dilatancy gradient and residual strength. The results show that the range of plastic zone of surrounding rock before modification is affected by parameters such as support resistance, lateral pressure coefficient, softening coefficient, dilatancy gradient and residual strength. When other conditions are certain, increasing the residual strength of the surrounding rock crushing zone can reduce the range of the surrounding rock plastic zone; the compressive strength of 7 days, 14 days and 28 days of the modified body gradually increased, and finally reached 48.95% of the strength of the original coal sample. The tensile strength of 28 days reached the strength of the original coal sample, and the cohesion was increased by 2.05 times compared with the complete coal sample, which had a good effect on the improvement of the plastic zone of the surrounding rock. The acoustic emission research shows that the acoustic emission signal of the modified body specimen changes strongly at 7 days and 14 days, and a large number of acoustic emission signals are generated at each stage. The internal situation of the specimen is complex under the force condition, while the acoustic emission signal of the modified body at 28 days is relatively stable, mainly before and after the failure. Under the action of time, the failure mode of the modified body gradually changes from ductile failure to brittle failure. It is proved that the strength of the modified body reaches the saturation value after 28 days, and the construction can be carried out again after the strength of the surrounding rock is stable. According to the actual situation, the grouting modification scheme of surrounding rock is formulated, and the displacement of the roof and floor of the surrounding rock and the two sides is monitored. The stability of the modified surrounding rock increases and the deformation decreases.

Mechanical reaming and pressure-relief can accurately reduce the stress concentration of shallow surrounding rock mass, which is of great significance to effectively solve the problem of decreasing stability of roadway surrounding rock caused by dense large-diameter drilling and pressure relief. Based on the engineering practice of the 3106 working face of a mine, ABAQUS finite element simulation software was used to compare and analyze the changes of vertical stress, displacement, and plastic zone of surrounding rock after pressure relief by large-diameter drilling and mechanical reaming, and study the mechanism of pressure relief by mechanical reaming. The results show that: After mechanical reaming, the peak stress of the surrounding rock decreases by 14.89%, the stress of the relief section decreases by 13% on average, and the peak stress shifts back by 1.25 m. The displacement at the roof of the roadway decreases by 28.67%, and the average displacement at the top, middle, and bottom of the roadway slope decreases by 98.71%, 97.27%, and 90.63%, respectively. The proportion of plastic strain zone is reduced to 12.92%, and the plastic zone between the adjacent holes around the mechanical reaming is connected to play a coupling pressure relief role. After field application, the mechanical reaming reduces the maximum microseismic energy by 63.11%, the pressure relief effect is good, and the impact risk of the working face in the test range is eliminated.