China is a big producer and consumer of grains and oils. The development of high-yield grains is closely related to chemicals such as pesticides. With the improvement of people’s living standards, residents’ requirements for foods have changed from ‘security of output’ to ‘equal emphasis on quality and output’. In order to strengthen the management of grain quality and safety, it is urgent to comprehensively understand the status of pesticide pollution in grains and develop more efficient, convenient and rapid detection technologies. This paper briefly summarizes the characteristics of pesticides and pesticide residues, analyzes the current status of the use and residues of pesticides in raw materials for grains and oils in China, reviews the existing rapid detection methods and technologies for pesticide residues in grains, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of various rapid detection methods and products. This review is expected to provide a reference for quality inspection during grain purchase.