Based on the 2023 edition of the Basic Requirements for Teaching of Physics Experiments in Science and Engineering Universities, combined with the positioning of the school and the talent cultivation requirements of the engineering major, the teaching content of Michelson interferometer experiments has been designed in a hierarchical manner. Referring to the physics basic course ability evaluation scale issued by the French Ministry of Education, a new hierarchical teaching model for the Michelson interferometer experiment oriented towards ability evaluation was explored. The teaching effect and the achievement of students’ learning goals were evaluated and analyzed, and further improvement suggestions were put forward, in order to provide reference and guidance for the construction and implementation of hierarchical teaching in university physics experimental courses.

In order to carry out competency-oriented teaching in the experimental courses at the foundational teaching stage, and strengthen engineering awareness and practical ability cultivation, the French Ministry of Education has proposed six competency indicators for the physics and chemistry courses of engineering preparatory courses. This paper takes the “Physics Experiment (Optics)” course for engineers majors as an example to introduce a teaching design oriented towards six competency indicators, including the reconstruction of course content, implementation plans and evaluation results of process-oriented assessment and terminal assessment. The experience gained can provide reference and inspiration for the teaching reform of similar courses.