As one of the most basic physical scalar, temperature is of great significance both in frontier scientific research and daily life. In this experiment, a kind of 3D printing nozzle is used as the control object, and the temperature is collected in real-time and quickly by the temperature measuring circuit composed of K-type thermocouple and LM35. The temperature data collected is processed using a PID algorithm with an Arduino UNO microcontroller, and based on the calculated results, a PWM signal is output to control the heating circuit, thereby achieving stable temperature measurement and control. Compared to the traditional control circuit, the closed-loop PID algorithm can stabilize the controlled object at the set temperature, eliminating the phenomena of temperature overshoot and drift.