As one of the most basic physical scalar, temperature is of great significance both in frontier scientific research and daily life. In this experiment, a kind of 3D printing nozzle is used as the control object, and the temperature is collected in real-time and quickly by the temperature measuring circuit composed of K-type thermocouple and LM35. The temperature data collected is processed using a PID algorithm with an Arduino UNO microcontroller, and based on the calculated results, a PWM signal is output to control the heating circuit, thereby achieving stable temperature measurement and control. Compared to the traditional control circuit, the closed-loop PID algorithm can stabilize the controlled object at the set temperature, eliminating the phenomena of temperature overshoot and drift.

Based on the openness and ease of use of the Arduino controller of the open source control platform, an experimental teaching module with The Arduino microcontroller as the core has been added to the original electronic technology comprehensive experiment. Using the pulse width modulation technology (referred to as PWM technology) in the Arduino microcontroller, the microcontroller adjusts the input voltage of the two DC motors according to the received infrared signal, thereby controlling its speed ratio, and then controlling the motion trajectory of the dot laser reflected by the two eccentric mirrors on the motor, forming a pattern by using the visual residual effect, and verifying the correctness of the laser pattern through simulation experiments designed by MATLAB. The new teaching module expands the content of welding control circuits in the traditional experimental teaching of comprehensive electronic technology design, enriches the experimental teaching content, strengthens the cultivation of students' programming ability and electronic technology comprehensive design ability, and stimulates students' interest in learning.