With the growing prosperity of the wine market, consumers have paid more attention to wine quality. The geographical origin and variety of wine are important factors determining wine quality. Volatile components play an important role in the characterization of a specific geographical origin or variety of wine. Therefore, the analysis of volatile compounds in wine is significant for the identification of the geographical origin and variety of wine. In this article, we summarize the analytical methods used to determine volatile compounds in wine and the current status of research on the identification of the geographical origin and variety of wine based on analysis of volatile compounds, with the aim of promoting in-depth research on the volatile compounds of wine and providing theoretical references for ensuring the quality and authenticity of wine and establishing a more complete wine volatile fingerprint.

With the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, wine is widely loved by consumers in our country. In recent years, the Chinese wine market has grown stronger. However, at the same time, wine counterfeiting has become a serious problem. Therefore, it is particularly important to carry out studies on the authenticity of wine. This article reviews the literature on the application of ¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) spectroscopy in wine authentication in the past 16 years, focusing on recent progress in the application of ¹H-NMR in the authentication of the geographical origin, variety and vintage of wine, aiming to provide ideas and references for enlightening and promoting the authentication of wine in China and promoting in-depth research in this regard.

With the continuous development of economic globalization, the production and consumption of wine in New and Old World countries have shown a steady growth trend. Wines of different grades and styles have been developed, which are related to geographical origin. Carbon stable isotopes are important indicators for geographical origin identification and have been of great concern to researchers due to their stability and objectivity. This paper summarizes the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of carbon stable isotopes in ethanol, glycerol, total carbon and other components in wines from the Old (France, Italy, Spain, Germany, Switzerland, Croatia, and Romania) and New Worlds (Australia, South Africa, Chile, Argentina, Brazil, and China). In general, there are small differences in the carbon stable isotope ratio of various components between New and Old World wines, so it is impossible to achieve reliable results when only carbon stable isotope data is used for geographical origin identification. The combined use of carbon stable isotope data with other isotope data and mineral elements can improve the accuracy of geographical origin identification. Furthermore, the application of carbon stable isotope technology is also summarized over the past 15 years with the aim to provide a reference for the establishment of database.