Research Progress on Spatiotemporal Distribution Characteristics of Carbon Stable Isotopes in Wines from New and Old World Countries

With the continuous development of economic globalization, the production and consumption of wine in New and Old World countries have shown a steady growth trend. Wines of different grades and styles have been developed, which are related to geographical origin. Carbon stable isotopes are important indicators for geographical origin identification and have been of great concern to researchers due to their stability and objectivity. This paper summarizes the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of carbon stable isotopes in ethanol, glycerol, total carbon and other components in wines from the Old (France, Italy, Spain, Germany, Switzerland, Croatia, and Romania) and New Worlds (Australia, South Africa, Chile, Argentina, Brazil, and China). In general, there are small differences in the carbon stable isotope ratio of various components between New and Old World wines, so it is impossible to achieve reliable results when only carbon stable isotope data is used for geographical origin identification. The combined use of carbon stable isotope data with other isotope data and mineral elements can improve the accuracy of geographical origin identification. Furthermore, the application of carbon stable isotope technology is also summarized over the past 15 years with the aim to provide a reference for the establishment of database.