Micro-nano bioactive glass (MNBG) has a good biological activity and is widely used in tissue engineering. In recent years, a variety of metal ions are incorporated into the network structure of materials during the preparation of MNBG, thereby endowing MNBG with various physicochemical and biological functional properties. However, the exact mechanism of interaction between the ion release products of MNBG and human cells is not fully clarified. This review represented the preparation methods and processes of MNBG and the application of its lysates in bone and tooth and other hard tissue repair, skin tissue repair, cancer treatment and cell imaging. This review could provide a reference for the further development of MNBGs applied to the biomedical field.