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Open Access Clinical Research Issue
Management of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: Malaysian Consensus Guideline 2023
International Journal of Ophthalmology 2026, 19(8): 1499-1509
Published: 18 August 2026
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The aim for this study was to develop consensus terminology, diagnostic criteria of multimodal imaging and develop a guideline for management of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). A systematic consensus process was conducted to develop updated clinical recommendations for the management of PCV. In order to develop the guidelines, a panel of ten PCV experts nationwide reviewed current evidence, focusing on key randomized controlled trials (EVEREST-Ⅱ and PLANET), and conducted a systematic literature search to inform the guidelines. Several draft recommendations were evaluated and improved to determine the strength and quality of evidence. Consensus was defined as ≥90% agreement achieved, with multiple voting rounds if needed. The finalized guidelines incorporate the most recent evidence available up to November 30, 2023. The panelists reached an agreement on several aspects of PCV management, including the need for diagnostic criteria, classification, various treatment options and the development of a treatment algorithm. Recommendations are made for the clinical management of PCV based on a professional assessment of current evidence.

Open Access Clinical Research Issue
Guidelines from an expert panel for the management of diabetic macular edema in the Malaysian population
International Journal of Ophthalmology 2023, 16(5): 712-720
Published: 18 May 2023
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AIM

To derive a Malaysia guideline and consensus as part of the Malaysia Retina Group’s efforts for diagnosis, treatment, and best practices of diabetic macular edema (DME). The experts’ panel suggests that the treatment algorithm to be divided into groups according to involvement the central macula. The purpose of DME therapy is to improve edema and achieve the best visual results with the least amount of treatment load.

METHODS

On two different occasions, a panel of 14 retinal specialists from Malaysia, together with an external expert, responded to a questionnaire on management of DME. A consensus was sought by voting after compiling, analyzing and discussion on first-phase replies on the round table discussion. A recommendation was deemed to have attained consensus when 12 out of the 14 panellists (85%) agreed with it.

RESULTS

The terms target response, adequate response, nonresponse, and inadequate response were developed when the DME patients’ treatment responses were first characterized. The panelists reached agreement on a number of DME treatment-related issues, including the need to classify patients prior to treatment, first-line treatment options, the right time to switch between treatment modalities, and side effects associated with steroids. From this agreement, recommendations were derived and a treatment algorithm was created.

CONCLUSION

A detail and comprehensive treatment algorithm by Malaysia Retina Group for the Malaysian population provides guidance for treatment allocation of patients with DME.

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