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Clinical Research | Open Access

Management of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: Malaysian Consensus Guideline 2023

Nor Fariza Ngah1,2Hanizasurana Hashim3Amelia Lim Lay Suan4Shelina Oli Mohamed5Rajasudha Sawri Rajan3Roslin Azni Abdul Aziz2Nor Azita Ahmad Tarmidzi4Ahmad Tarmidzi4Tara Mary George6Maizan Yaakub7Kenneth Fong8Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung9HonSeng Wong8Nur Hasnah Ma’amor10Fatin Norhasny Leman10Nor Asiah Muhamad10( )
Office of Deputy Director General of Health (Research and Technical), Ministry of Health, Putrajaya 62590, Malaysia
Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Shah Alam, Ministry of Health, Selangor 40000, Malaysia
Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Selayang, Ministry of Health, Selangor 68100, Malaysia
Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health, Selangor 50586, Malaysia
Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor 47000, Malaysia
Medical Retina & Uveitis, Sunway Medical Centre, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Ministry of Health, Terengganu 20400, Malaysia
Oasis Eye Specialists Centre, Kuala Lumpur 59200, Malaysia
Department of Medical Retina, Singapore National Eye Centre, 168751 Singapore
Sector for Evidence-based Healthcare, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Selangor 40140, Malaysia
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Abstract

The aim for this study was to develop consensus terminology, diagnostic criteria of multimodal imaging and develop a guideline for management of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). A systematic consensus process was conducted to develop updated clinical recommendations for the management of PCV. In order to develop the guidelines, a panel of ten PCV experts nationwide reviewed current evidence, focusing on key randomized controlled trials (EVEREST-Ⅱ and PLANET), and conducted a systematic literature search to inform the guidelines. Several draft recommendations were evaluated and improved to determine the strength and quality of evidence. Consensus was defined as ≥90% agreement achieved, with multiple voting rounds if needed. The finalized guidelines incorporate the most recent evidence available up to November 30, 2023. The panelists reached an agreement on several aspects of PCV management, including the need for diagnostic criteria, classification, various treatment options and the development of a treatment algorithm. Recommendations are made for the clinical management of PCV based on a professional assessment of current evidence.

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International Journal of Ophthalmology
Pages 1499-1509

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Cite this article:
Ngah NF, Hashim H, Suan ALL, et al. Management of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: Malaysian Consensus Guideline 2023. International Journal of Ophthalmology, 2026, 19(8): 1499-1509. https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2026.08.07

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Received: 30 October 2025
Accepted: 15 May 2026
Published: 18 August 2026
© 2026 International Journal of Ophthalmology Press

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).