Depression is becoming the second biggest killer of mankind after cancer, with an estimated 340 million people worldwide suffering from this disease. Research reports have shown that diet affects depression. This paper reviews the effects of different dietary structures such as high protein diet, vegetarian diet, high-fat diet and ketogenic diet on depression, discusses the effect of nutritional components such as folic acid, dietary fiber, polyphenolic compounds, vitamins and polyunsaturated fatty acids in improving depression, and summarizes the three mechanisms by which dietary structures and nutritional components affect depression: by regulating the metabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters, the digestive tract and the intestinal flora, and neuroendocrine system. This article will provide new inspirations to prevent and interfere in depression through diet.

Obesity is one of the most serious public health problems, and the development and metabolism of adipocytes are closely related to obesity. As a multifunctional glycoprotein, lactoferrin has a variety of physiological activities and can regulate the development and metabolism of adipocytes by regulating their proliferation and differentiation, the expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes, and the expressions of adipocytes and inflammatory factors. This article reviews recent progress in research on the role of lactoferrin in regulating the physiology of adipocytes and the underlying mechanism, and proposes future research directions and focuses on the role of lactoferrin in regulating the development and metabolism of adipocytes. It is anticipated that this paper will provide a basis for further research on the functions of lactoferrin and its industrial applications.

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), as the third largest solid component of breast milk, have been widely emphasized in recent years due to their important physiological functions. Bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMOs) have similar structures and functions to HMOs and similar complexity in composition, which make them high-quality ingredients in infant formula milk powder and functional foods. In this article, the structural compositions, quantitative distributions, physiological functions and industrial applications of HMOs and BMOs are reviewed to provide references for the research and development of HMOs and BMOs.