The low-temperature transformation of CO2 and CH3OH into dimethyl carbonate (DMC) represents a sustainable and low-carbon pathway for producing essential chemicals. An ideal energy-efficient catalysis necessitates a catalyst capable of facilitating interactions between the simultaneously activated CO2 and CH3OH. Herein, we designed the spatially proximate In5 and In4+1···ּIn4 sites on the In2O3 surface, enabling efficient DMC synthesis from CO2 and CH3OH below 100 °C. The In5 sites are responsible for CH3OH adsorption; while CO2 adsorbs on the In4+1···In4 pairs through interactions between its O atom with two In sites, as well as between the C atom and a lattice O atom. Furthermore, the spatial intimacy of In5 and In4+1···In4 sites, with a distance of ~ 4.7 Å, facilitate direct interaction between the adsorbed CO2 and CH3OH. By optimizing oxygen vacancies, porous In2O3 nanocubes with abundant dual-active sites achieved a DMC generation rate of 8.1 mmol·gcat−1·h−1 at 100 °C, significantly surpassing previously reported catalysts. These findings demonstrate a promising route for the energy-efficient DMC synthesis from CO2 and CH3OH.
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Nano Research 2025, 18(8): 94907553
Published: 10 July 2025
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