We aimed to explore the significance of monumental trees as elements of heritage and their role in interpreting landscapes. Monumental carob trees, characterized by their impressive size and long lifespan, serve as valuable sources of information for understanding the territories they inhabit and the human societies that have preserved them over time. Over the centuries, these carob trees narrate the tale of Mediterranean landscapes, akin to stone monuments, making them authentic natural and cultural treasures of the Mediterranean region. Our findings, based on fields observations in Sicily (Italy) and GIS analysis, suggested that the landscape is an enabling medium through which traditional culture is preserved, local identities are transferred, and rural heritage is acknowledged. We unfold a conception of landscape based on visual, inherited traditional agricultural practices, valued rural heritage, and territorial identity.

The Etna natural and agricultural landscape, located on the island of Sicily in Italy, is known for its stunning views and unique geology. It is also home to a diverse array of plant and animal life, as well as a rich cultural and agricultural history and quality products. Using GIS (Geographic Information System) analysis, it is possible to quantify and evaluate the value of this landscape, providing a better understanding of the value that the Etna landscape provides to the surrounding region. The study highlights the landscape transformations of Etna over the last years to ensure market integration and support sustainable resource management strategies regarding local cultural heritage and environmental sustainability. Detailed knowledge of landscape dynamics is crucial for many applications, from resource management to governance services assessments.