Ionogel, a novel flexible electronic material, presents a plethora of applications. Despite its potential, the fabrication of multifunctional ionogel with high-performance suitable for diverse scenarios remains a significant challenge. In this study, we prepare a multifunctional amphibious ionogel skin (AIGS) using a polymerizable ionic liquid (PIL) and a conductive ionic liquid (IL) in conjunction with titanium carbide (Ti₃C₂T_x-MXene). The resulting soft AIGS materials exhibit ductility, self-healing, and robust adhesion in mechanical properties due to non-covalent interactions, such as ion-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding. They also demonstrate a wide sensing range (2%‒400%), high sensing sensitivity (gauge factor (GF) up to 6.06), and stable sensing performance (good reliability and stability after strain) in electrical properties. The hydrophobic and dynamic viscoelastic network formed by extensive C−F bonds in the used polymer matrix, ensures the AIGS’s suitability for amphibious environments. We find that AIGS has excellent triboelectric properties. Utilizing AIGS as a flexible electrode, a single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator (SE-TENG) was constructed, achieving outstanding output performance (~300 V open-circuit voltage, 172 nA short-circuit current, and 34 nC transferred charge). This device can power commercial portable electronic devices and identify different body movements. AIGS-based wearable strain sensors have also been shown to reliably detect human motion, including larger limb movements such as finger flexion and elbow flexion and extension, as well as subtle muscle movements such as frowning and swallowing. In addition, depending on the characteristics of the AIGS application in amphibious environments, the following functions can be realized simultaneously. AIGS in an aquatic environment combined with machine learning for intelligent recognition of breathing type, in an underwater environment combined with Morse code to convey simple information, and motion monitoring in an amphibious environment, demonstrates its potential feasibility in a variety of situations.

Today, energy is essential for every aspect of human life, including clothing, food, housing and transportation. However, traditional energy resources are insufficient to meet our modern needs. Self-powered sensing devices emerge as promising alternatives, offering sustained operation without relying on external power sources. Leveraging advancements in materials and manufacturing research, these devices can autonomously harvest energy from various sources. In this review, we focus on the current landscape of self-powered wearable sensors, providing a concise overview of energy harvesting technologies, conversion mechanisms, structural or material innovations, and energy storage platforms. Then, we present experimental advances in different energy sources, showing their underlying mechanisms, and the potential for energy acquisition. Furthermore, we discuss the applications of self-powered flexible sensors in diverse fields such as medicine, sports, and food. Despite significant progress in this field, widespread commercialization will necessitate enhanced sensor detection abilities, improved design factors for adaptable devices, and a balance between sensitivity and standardization.