since the first ordered mesoporous silica molecular sieve (MCM-41) was reported, the silicon hollow sphere has gradually become an attractive material. Hollow silica microsphere particles (HSP) are a unique type of inorganic material characterized by their internal cavity structure. They not only inherit the properties of silica but also exhibit unique advantages such as low density, high specific surface area, special mesoporous structure, high stability, excellent adsorption properties, and outstanding biocompatibility, making them a research hotspot in recent decades. In order to obtain HSP with controllable structure and excellent performance, continuous innovations have been made in their synthesis methods. Classic methods for HSP preparation include template synthesis, chemical etching, and spray drying. Among them, template synthesis enables the controlled preparation of microsphere morphology and size, chemical etching shapes the microsphere pore walls, and the convenient spray drying method meets the needs of continuous industrial production. Additionally, novel microfluidic methods offer advantages such as rapid reaction, high productivity, and ease of automation. In summary, diverse preparation methods can yield HSP with varying performances, which find wide applications in fields such as biomedicine, thermal insulation, catalysis, energy storage, and functional coatings. Specifically, HSP can achieve targeted drug delivery and controlled release under external environmental stimuli, loading active particles can significantly improve catalytic efficiency, and their use as powder fillers can greatly enhance energy storage density and exhibit excellent thermal insulation properties, showcasing tremendous application potential. The development of HSP in preparation methods and application areas deserves continuous exploration. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the existing preparation methods and various applications of HSP to date, and offers prospects for their future development.

Oxide ceramics are the most widely used and most productive ceramic materials with high mechanical strength, electrical insulation performance, chemical stability, etc. They are widely used in aerospace, military defense, industrial production and other fields. However, the brittleness of oxide ceramics seriously restricts its wider application in cutting-edge fields. In order to solve this problem, scholars both domestically and internationally have begun to explore the solid state phase transition method for preparing fine nanostructured oxide composite ceramics in recent decades. They constructed the nano/submicron/micron scale structure of nanocomposite oxide ceramics by solid state phase transformation to improve their mechanical properties. This paper systematically reviews the effects of solid state phase transition method on the microstructure and properties of nanocomposite oxide ceramics, aiming to elucidate their related principles and processes, and provide references for the preparation of high-performance nanocomposite oxide ceramics.