since the first ordered mesoporous silica molecular sieve (MCM-41) was reported, the silicon hollow sphere has gradually become an attractive material. Hollow silica microsphere particles (HSP) are a unique type of inorganic material characterized by their internal cavity structure. They not only inherit the properties of silica but also exhibit unique advantages such as low density, high specific surface area, special mesoporous structure, high stability, excellent adsorption properties, and outstanding biocompatibility, making them a research hotspot in recent decades. In order to obtain HSP with controllable structure and excellent performance, continuous innovations have been made in their synthesis methods. Classic methods for HSP preparation include template synthesis, chemical etching, and spray drying. Among them, template synthesis enables the controlled preparation of microsphere morphology and size, chemical etching shapes the microsphere pore walls, and the convenient spray drying method meets the needs of continuous industrial production. Additionally, novel microfluidic methods offer advantages such as rapid reaction, high productivity, and ease of automation. In summary, diverse preparation methods can yield HSP with varying performances, which find wide applications in fields such as biomedicine, thermal insulation, catalysis, energy storage, and functional coatings. Specifically, HSP can achieve targeted drug delivery and controlled release under external environmental stimuli, loading active particles can significantly improve catalytic efficiency, and their use as powder fillers can greatly enhance energy storage density and exhibit excellent thermal insulation properties, showcasing tremendous application potential. The development of HSP in preparation methods and application areas deserves continuous exploration. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the existing preparation methods and various applications of HSP to date, and offers prospects for their future development.

In modern warfare, with the rapid development of infrared detection and guidance technologies poses an increasing challenge to the survivability of weapons and equipment. How to improve the infrared stealth capability of weapons and equipment has become an urgent problem to be solved, and infrared stealth materials are the key to improve the infrared stealth ability of weapon equipment. The paper briefly analyzes the cloaking mechanism of infrared cloaking materials, summarizesthe research status of thestealth materials in recent years, such as infrared low-emissivity materials, temperature control materials, photonic crystals, intelligent stealth materials, and infrared low-emissivity nanomaterials, and forecasts the future development trend of infrared stealthmaterials.

The effects of powder type, particle size, impurity content and phase composition of commercial silicon nitride powder on material properties were studied. Density, bending strength, thermal conductivity, friction and wear properties and microstructure of silicon nitride ceramics from different powders were examined. The silicon nitride powder treated with methanol modified liquid for 20 min led to silicon nitride ceramics with optimized comprehensive properties, including density of 3.16 g·cm⁻³, bending strength of (727±20) MPa, thermal conductivity of 71.6 W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹, friction coefficient between Si₃N₄ ceramics and C/SiC ceramics of < 0.7 at 1200 ℃. The ceramics exhibited strong high temperature resistance to friction and wear.