As cellular energy metabolic hubs, mitochondria undergo dynamic fusion–fission cycles and autophagy that enable rapid adaptation to cellular energy demands and stress conditions. In addition to their role in energy metabolism, mitochondria are integral to cellular homeostasis and regulate cell cycle progression, differentiation, and apoptosis pathways. In recent years, the importance of mitochondrial function in skin health and disease has garnered increasing attention. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in a spectrum of skin disorders, including skin aging, psoriasis, vitiligo, keloids, scleroderma, and skin cancer. The pathogenesis of these conditions is closely linked to mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) damage, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and alterations in mitochondrial metabolic pathways. In terms of therapeutic strategies, this review summarizes a range of mitochondrion-targeted interventions. These treatments include the activation of the PGC-1α pathway to increase mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate synthesis, the use of antioxidants to mitigate mitochondrial ROS production, and the application of bioactive compounds and drugs to protect mitochondria or promote mtDNA repair. These approaches not only contribute to improved skin health but also provide novel insights for the treatment of skin diseases. Additionally, mitochondrial transplantation technology has shown considerable promise in skin regeneration and wound healing and is emerging as a new frontier for skin tissue repair.

Tumor-related lymphedema is a common chronic progressive lymphatic disorder that occurs as a complication of malignant tumors and cancer-related therapy. It clinically presents with symptoms such as swelling, heaviness, stiffness and impaired mobility of the affected limb. The condition can lead to disability and trigger emotional disturbances such as anxiety and depression, significantly impairing patients' quality of life. The management of this disease is a long-term endeavor that relies on multidisciplinary collaboration. Although relevant consensus documents have been published domestically, their content remains insufficiently comprehensive, resulting in a lack of unified and standardized guidance in clinical practice. There is an urgent need to update and develop more comprehensive localized guidelines. A panel of 30 experts from 17 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China collaboratively developed the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Tumor-related Lymphedema: Chinese Expert Consensus Based on the Delphi Method (2025 Version) by integrating the latest evidence-based medical findings and applying the Delphi method. This consensus addresses nine key dimensions: risk factors, monitoring and follow-up, patient education, diagnosis and evaluation, complex decongestive therapy, pharmacotherapy, surgical intervention, nutritional management, and multidisciplinary care. In total, 113 consensus recommendations were established, providing standardized guidance for the clinical management of tumor-related lymphedema.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by hallmark pathological features, including β-amyloid deposition, neurofibrillary tangles formed by hyperphosphorylated tau protein, and chronic neuroinflammation. Recent studies have revealed that the glymphatic-meningeal-cervical lymphatic system plays a pivotal role in intracranial metabolic waste clearance, and its dysfunction may impair the clearance efficiency of β-amyloid and tau proteins. Based on this mechanism, domestic scholars have innovatively proposed lympho-microsurgical reconstruction of the brain-cervical lymphatic drainage pathway, aiming to ameliorate AD pathological progression and cognitive function by enhancing intracranial waste clearance. Through a comprehensive literature review, this article focuses on the theoretical rationale for lympho-microsurgical intervention in AD. While critically evaluating existing surgical approaches and efficacy assessment systems, it further examines the fundamental scientific challenges and clinical translation barriers in directly applying this technique to AD treatment, with the goal of providing theoretical insights and methodological guidance for future research.

Facial anthropometry has profound importance in clinical diagnosis and the recognition of abnormal facial features. With the development of anthropometry, facial anthropometry has emerged as an independent research field and is widely applied in disciplines such as plastic surgery and cranio-maxillofacial surgery. This paper reviews the evolution of facial anthropometry and discusses its future trends in the context of artificial intelligence (AI). Currently, 3D facial imaging technology can accurately capture and reconstruct the three-dimensional morphology of facial soft tissues, and enhance the precision and objectivity of measurements, thus becoming the new "gold standard" for facial anthropometry. It not only provides reference for disease diagnosis and surgical planning but also plays a crucial role in evaluating cosmetic outcomes and aging research. In recent years, AI technology has developed rapidly, enabling direct recognition of abnormal facial features. Although facial recognition systems based on two-dimensional images are relatively mature, they have to struggle to fully capture facial features as they are limited by the dimensionality of information. While three-dimensional image-based recognition boasts high accuracy, it faces challenges in the recognition and classification of abnormal facial features due to limitations in the number of training samples. The integration of AI and facial anthropometry has effectively promoted automatic recognition technology for facial landmarks, thus providing more precise and interpretable methods for assessing disease-related facial features. Future research should focus on building reliable three-dimensional facial databases to further improve the accuracy of facial recognition. Additionally, developing facial recognition systems based on small sample sizes is necessary to provide robust support for the recognition of facial features associated with rare and special diseases.

With the improvement in the accuracy and portability of three-dimensional facial imaging devices, and the rapid development of medical image recognition technology in artificial intelligence, the analysis and automatic recognition of three-dimensional facial characteristics of diseases have been widely applied in multiple fields such as endocrine metabolic disorders, chronic respiratory diseases, neuromuscular diseases, genetic syndromes, and plastic surgery. We aim to systematically review and summarize the current research status and development trends of three-dimensional facial photogrammetry and image analysis techniques in disease diagnosis, assessment of prognosis and treatment efficacy, in order to provide references and insights for scientific research and clinical applications of this field.

Localized scleroderma (LoS) is a chronic autoimmune skin disorder characterized by fibrosis and hardening of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, potentially affecting deeper tissues and other organs. Currently, China lacks evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and management of LoS, which poses a challenge to disease recognition and leads to significant variation in treatment strategies across medical centers. To address this problem, we plan to establish a nationwide, multidisciplinary expert team through the Chinese Society of Plastic Surgery to initiate the development of the Chinese Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Localized Scleroderma. The guideline aims to standardize the diagnosis and treatment procedures for LoS, improve clinical diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities, and enhance patient outcomes through early identification and intervention. The guideline will adhere to international standards, with recommendations formed through evidence evaluation and multiple rounds of expert discussions. Although evidence-based data on LoS specific to the Chinese population is currently limited, and no unified gold standard for disease assessment exists, the clinical expertise of multidisciplinary specialists will play a pivotal role in the guideline's formulation. We anticipate that this guideline will provide LoS patients with higher-quality medical care and enhance patient awareness and engagement, which may ultimately help reduce social and healthcare burden. This proposal outlines the background, methodology, and anticipated value of the guideline, with the hope of providing guidance for its rigorous development and successful publication.

Medical quality and safety are essential safeguards for the harmonious society in China, directly affecting people's sense of security and happiness. Continuously improving medical quality and ensuring medical safety are fundamental and essential to implementing the strategies of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, and promoting the construction of a healthy China. In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy and the people's increasing emphasis on their own health and safety, China's plastic surgery industry has achieved significant progress and yielded outstanding results. However, along with the rapid growth of the industry, medical quality issues and safety accidents have occurred frequently, attracting widespread attention from all sectors of society. This article briefly outlines the history of quality management and quality control for medical quality and safety in China's plastic surgery specialty. It explores the development of quality management from its origin to medical quality management, as well as the responsibilities and contributions of the National Plastic Surgery Quality Control Center in improving industry standards and ensuring patient safety. It aims to provide support for the standardized management of the plastic surgery industry in the future, so as to promote its healthy and sustainable development.

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) are adult stem cells that possess the ability of self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation. They can be found in multiple tissue types, including adipose tissue, bone marrow and umbilical cord. MSCs can exert the effects of tissue repair, angiogenesis, immunoregulation, and anti-fibrosis through differentiation or paracrine function. Promising therapeutic effects of MSCs on skin aging, alopecia, tissue regeneration, wound healing, and anti-fibrosis have been observed. In general, MSCs exhibit favorable therapeutic effects and safety, but scrutinized research and clinical trials are still needed to reveal the mechanism of action as well as long-term efficacy and safety.