Porous ammonium nitrate is frequently used for specific applications due to its porous structure when compared with conventional ammonium nitrate, however, its higher transportation costs increase overall operational expenses. This study investigated the preparation of porous granular modified ammonium nitrate using ionic surfactant PST as an additive via spray granulation. The effects of varying PST concentrations (0−0.4%) on the pore structure, oil absorption capacity, thermal stability, and explosive properties of ammonium nitrate were examined. The research results indicate that increasing PST content gradually transforms dense ammonium nitrate particles into a porous structure with distinct interconnected pores. Thermal stability remains essentially unchanged, and the matrix chemical composition undergoes no fundamental alteration, though its adsorbed water content decreases. The modified samples exhibit enhanced binding capacity with the oil phase. The detonation velocity of the assembled charge increases from “failed to detonate normally” in the unmodified state to 2831.85 m/s. Trace amounts of PST can induce the formation of a porous structure in ammonium nitrate without significantly compromising thermal safety, while markedly improving detonation velocity performance, demonstrating potential for engineering applications.

In order to study the effect of water content on the performance of porous granular ammonium nitrate on-site mixed ammonium amine explosives, five groups of on-site mixed ammonium amine explosives with different water contents were prepared by controlling the water content in the aqueous phase. We used scanning electron microscope to observe the internal microstructure of porous granular ammonium nitrate, and Brinkley-Wilson method to carry out theoretical calculations on the heat of detonation and detonation velocity of the explosives. The solubility of porous granular ammonium nitrate at different water contents was tested, and the viscosity of the ammonium amine explosive matrix, the immersion conductivity and the detonation velocity were tested. The results show that with the increase of water mass fraction from 9% to 17%, the mixing homogeneity of ammonium amine explosive matrix increased, the initial viscosity decreases from 218539 mPa·s to 99443 mPa·s; the conductivity of the explosive immersed in water with different water content for 3 h first decreased from 1.416 mS/cm to 1.234 mS/cm, and then increases to 2.600 mS/cm; the theoretical detonation velocity decreases from 4943 m/s to 4716 m/s; the actual detonation velocity is affected by the content of solid ammonium nitrate, first increasing from 3376 m/s to 3676 m/s, and then decreasing to 3631 m/s. In actual production, the mass fraction of water in on-site mixed ammonium amine explosives should be controlled at approximately 13%. At this water content, the explosives exhibit optimal water resistance, and achieve a relatively high actual detonation velocity.

In order to explore the failure mechanism of the electronic control module inside the electronic detonator under impact load during the postponement state, a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experiment was conducted on the electronic detonator specimens under high overload loading. The failure conditions of the overall electronic control module and the remaining electronic control modules separated from the tantalum capacitors were obtained under different levels of loading experiments. The results indicate that the tantalum capacitor exhibited a voltage drop phenomenon at an overload of 1.495×10⁵g, with a more pronounced short-circuit failure as the overload increased. Within a certain overload range, the tantalum capacitor᾽s unique self-healing properties allow it to return to its initial level rapidly. However, when the overload exceeded the critical threshold of 3.848×10⁵g, the tantalum capacitor was irreversibly damaged. The overload resistance of other components within the module is stronger than that of the capacitor. The chip detected an anomaly after an overload of 4.155×10⁵g, while the failure of the resistor components occurs at an overload of over 4.249×10⁵g.

In order to analyze the attenuation effect of multi-layer bubble film on underwater explosive shock wave, an underwater explosion test was conducted to obtain shock wave parameters with a No.8 industrial electric detonator as the explosion source. The bubble film was designed with different specifications and different layers of air insulation structure. Furthermore, the shock wave overpressure peak value and specific shock wave energy were compared based on the shock wave parameters. The results show that the attenuation rate of shock wave overpressure peak increases with the increase of bubble film number, with the attenuation rates of 1#, 2#, 3# and 4# bubble film increasing from 48.32%, 86.08%, 87.87% and 90.34% to 89.10%, 91.33%, 91.45% and 92.37%, respectively, which implies that the normal film has less influence on the attenuation of underwater shock wave without air interlayers. Specifically, a larger bubble diameter can reach a better attenuation effect with the same number of layers, which indicates that the bubble plays an important role in attenuating shock waves. In addition, the specific shock wave energy consumption of the bubble film is more than 98.50%. In practical applications, bubble film can be used as a protective material, which can effectively reduce the harmful effects caused by shock waves on the protected objects.