Emergency management is currently a hot topic in the field of safety and security, yet the foundational theory of the emergency management discipline is still relatively weak. The main goal of this article is to supplement and improve the theoretical foundation of emergency management. Methods such as literature review, theoretical analysis, deduction, and induction were adopted in the investigation. Accordingly, the basic definitions and conceptual system of emergency management are summarized; the research methods and scope of emergency management, the basic rules and general principles of emergency management are suggested; the classification of emergency management and its sub-disciplines are put forward; also, some of China's emergency management systems and experiences are introduced, and some important research topics in current emergency management are prospected. The research results have solidified the theoretical foundation of emergency management and can play an important leading role in the development of the emergency management discipline in the future.

In order to increase the number of general concepts of safety and security science which can be used to represent the comprehensive safety and security level of a system, a compound word of safety and security civilization (SSC) is proposed, based on the connotation and attributes of words of civilization, safety and security. Then, the narrow and generalized definitions and their connotations of SSC are given respectively. Further analysis shows that properties of SSC have implications of comprehensiveness, generality, abstractness and progressiveness. On this basis, various classifications of SSC are made from different perspectives and dimensions, and the similarities and differences between SSC and safety culture are compared. SSC is an advanced part of generalized safety culture and can be used to guide the construction of safety culture. The research shows that the new concept of SSC can be widely used to express the whole safety and security level at a certain time and space, and has important value in practical applications.

The development of society and the demand for the improved safety and security (SS) of people in the SS research field have been constantly changing and growing, resulting in the emergence of new SS science disciplines. In this study, the conditions, academic thought, methodology, paradigm, and modes for creating new disciplines of SS science, based on the practical experiences of creating new disciplines of SS science by the authors and methods of analysis and induction over the past ten years are summarized. The essentials of 40 new disciplines of SS science created are presented. The aforementioned theoretical analysis can encourage the development of more new disciplines of SS science and shorten the incubation and growth cycle of new disciplines in this research field. The results also enrich the discipline construction theory of SS science and are crucial in promoting the development of SS science in the future.

Usually psychological safety and security distance (PSSD) is difficult to express quantitatively as it belongs to the field of social science. This article presents a mathematical approach for the PSSD expression using fuzzy theory. In the building of this method, the rough sets theory is applied to weight the influencing factors concerning the PSSD. The triangular fuzzy theory and the expert fuzzy evaluation method are utilized to address the fuzziness and uncertainty that might arise in assessing the relevant factors of PSSD. Fitting a curve for depicting the relationship between the PSSD and individual psychological factors is carried out using computer software. Also, the procedures of measuring PSSD are summarized as a general method and it is therefore of validity for the quantitative measurement of other relevant qualitative issues.