Surface modification of titanium implants is a hot topic for improving osteointegration and includes physical, chemical, bioactive and anodization methods. Among these methods, anodization methods can form TiO₂ nanotube structures with a uniform and stable structure, and TiO₂ nanotubes and substrates have high binding strengths and osteogenic properties and represent an excellent method for implant modification. TiO₂ nanotube osteogenesis is closely related to its morphology, diameter and physicochemical characteristics. Therefore, the structure of TiO₂ nanotubes with optimal osteogenic performance can be prepared by regulating these factors. At present, research on TiO₂ nanotubes is mostly focused on composite treatments with TiO₂ nanotubes, namely, the combination of other implant modification methods (physical method, chemical method, biological method) and TiO₂ nanotubes to form a composite structure to work synergistically to treat osteogenesis. TiO₂ nanotube composite treatment is a good prospective application for the further preparation of TiO₂ nanotube-modified structures with strong osteogenic properties.

The problems caused by proximal contact loss (PCL) of dental implants have been a mainstream research topic in recent years, and scholars are unanimously committed to analyzing their causes and related factors, aiming to identify solutions to the problems related to PCL. The effects of the anterior component of force (ACF), the lifelong remolding of the adult craniofacial jaw and alveolar socket, and the osseointegration characteristics of dental implants are the main causes of PCL. On the one hand, the closing movement of the mandible causes the ACF of the tooth to move through the posterior molar cusp. Moreover, drifting between the upper and lower posterior teeth and mandibular anterior teeth can cause the anterior teeth of the upper and lower jaws to be displaced labially. On the other hand, reconstruction of the jaw, alveolar socket and tooth root, the forward horizontal force of the masticatory muscles, the dynamic component of the jaw and the forward force generated by the oblique plane of the tooth cusp can cause the natural tooth to experience near-middle drift. Additionally, natural teeth can shift horizontally and vertically and rotate to accommodate remodeling of the stomatognathic system and maintain oral function. Nevertheless, the lack of a natural periodontal membrane during implant osseointegration, the lack of a physiological basis for near-medium drift, the small average degree of vertical motion and the integrated silence of dental implants without the overall drift characteristics of natural teeth increases the probability of PCL. The high incidence of PCL is clearly associated with the duration of prosthesis delivery and the mesial position; but it is also affected by the magnitude of the bite force, occlusion, the adjacent teeth, restoration design, implant location, jaw, and patient age and sex. PCL has shown a significant correlation with food impaction, but not a one-to-one correspondence, and did not meet the necessary and sufficient conditions. PCL is also associated with peri-implant lesions as well as dental caries. PCL prevention included informed consent, regular examinations, selection of retention options, point of contact enhancement, occlusal splints, and the application of multipurpose digital crowns. Management of the PCL includes adjacent contact point additions, orthodontic traction, and occlusal adjustment. Existing methods can solve the problem of food impaction in the short term with comprehensive intervention to seek stable, long-term effects. Symmetric and balanced considerations will expand the treatment of issues caused by PCL.