The Schrödinger equation is the fundamental equation of quantum mechanics, primarily discussing the evolution of quantum states over time and solving the wave function under specific conditions. Its position is equivalent to that of Newton's equation in classical mechanics. Based on the literature “Teaching Attempts to Introduce Wave-Particle Duality in Quantum Mechanics,” this paper further establishes the Schrödinger equation through the Maupertuis principle. By comparing several typical teaching methods for establishing the Schrödinger equation, the characteristics of the method proposed in this paper are further highlighted, which helps students to integrate new and old knowledge organically, more easily accept and understand the basic equations of quantum mechanics, enhance students' ability to transfer knowledge, and stimulate students' creative thinking.

The research results of physics have strongly promoted the development of the three industrial revolutions. Since the beginning of the new century, the research results of contemporary physics such as quantum computing, low-dimensional physics, and quantum detection are promoting the in-depth development of the fourth industrial revolution or the Industry 4.0. The authors implement multi-level physics experimental topics in university physics experiments. Taking the visible light-infrared ray-terahertz wave detection and imaging series experiments as an example, the authors train students to deeply understand the similarities and differences in the applicability of electromagnetic waves of different bands in new and old industrial fields. The teaching model design is conducive to students mastering the results of modern and contemporary physics and comprehensive experimental skills, cultivating them to become new science and engineering talents who can solve real problems faced by new industrial fields. They will face the new technological revolution and career choices confidently.

Quantum mechanics is one of basics theories of modern physics, and it is also a theory established with some debates of assumptions. However, in the teaching process, if the assumption of wave-particle duality is directly given, it will be particularly difficult for students to understand. Therefore, based on the teaching practice and previous research, we assume that light corresponds to a kind of real particle starting from the classical electromagnetic theory, according to the description methods of wave optics and geometric optics, and the form of functional equations. Subsequently, employing Planck's quantum conditions, we discuss the connection between the wave nature and particle nature of light. And then the Planck-Einstein relation and the de Broglie relationship are derived, which reflect the wave-particle duality of light and real particle.