Dynamic threat assessment and decision-making are crucial in airborne laser weapon combat, particularly in highly interactive System-of-Systems (SoS)-oriented scenarios. This paper proposes a novel SoS-oriented Dynamic Three-Way Decision (SoS-DTWD) algorithm developed through hierarchical agent-based modeling for airborne laser weapons against incoming missiles in sea combat. The algorithm aggregates dynamic intuitionistic fuzzy threat assessment with the VIKOR method (Multi-criteria Optimization and Compromise Solution) to derive conditional probabilities. A time-based loss function matrix and dynamic decision-making rules are constructed by integrating time series with three-way decision theory. Experimental results demonstrate that the SoS-DTWD algorithm effectively transforms two-way ranking results into dynamic three-way classification, significantly improving combat effectiveness. Specifically, it increases aircraft survival rates by 12.05%–28.99%, enhances missile interception by 17.54%–44.39%, and improves laser weapon kill rates by 3%–5%. Moreover, the findings indicate that improving weapon and aircraft performance and enhancing cooperative tactics can contribute to higher survivability. The optimal results are achieved under low Radar Cross Section (RCS) and appropriate formation distance. This prototype system can evolve into a future real-time decision-making tool for cooperative laser weapon combat.

With the increase of aircraft thermal load, fuel thermal management has become an important consideration in the design and operation of modern aircraft. This paper establishes a dynamics model of the dual-tank topology fuel thermal management system considering heat loss, presents a management strategy considering heat loss, and evaluates the performance of the system using three indexes: thermal endurance, heat sink utilization efficiency, and waste heat utilization efficiency. Combined with typical examples, the derived dynamics model is verified. Compared with the traditional single-tank topology fuel thermal management system, the dual-tank topology fuel thermal management system can improve the thermal endurance of the system by 36.8%. On this basis, the influence of design parameters of the thermal management system on operation effect is analyzed. The results show that the reduction of the total fuel mass flow rate can enhance both the heat sink utilization efficiency and the waste heat utilization efficiency of the system. If the total capacity of the fuel tank remains unchanged, the appropriate reduction of the capacity of the recirculation tank can improve the thermal endurance of the system. For the example in this article, reducing the recirculation tank capacity by 100 kg will increase the thermal endurance by about 109 s as the total fuel mass flow rate is 1 kg/s. This research can provide reference for the design of aircraft fuel thermal management systems.

The laser weapons will play a special role in the future high-tech war. To study the impact of airborne laser weapon on the System-of-System (SoS) effectiveness in cooperative combat, this paper proposes an indicator construction method based on the combination of the weapon capability indicator system and the combat simulation. The indicator system of capability is divided into 4 layers by the bottom-to-up generation mechanism of indicators. It can describe the logical relationship between the indicator layers from a qualitative perspective. Together with the 4 layers capability indicator system, a hierarchical framework of airborne laser weapon is established by the agent-based modeling and simulation. Impact analyses show that the SoS effectiveness improves with the increase of the laser weapon output power, the laser launcher diameter, and the photoelectric sensor pixel. But the SoS effectiveness promotion brought by the photoelectric sensor pixel is limited. The results can be used for the development of tactical airborne laser weapon.