Dynamic three-way decision algorithm integrating intuitionistic fuzzy information for system-of-systems in airborne laser weapon combat

Dynamic threat assessment and decision-making are crucial in airborne laser weapon combat, particularly in highly interactive System-of-Systems (SoS)-oriented scenarios. This paper proposes a novel SoS-oriented Dynamic Three-Way Decision (SoS-DTWD) algorithm developed through hierarchical agent-based modeling for airborne laser weapons against incoming missiles in sea combat. The algorithm aggregates dynamic intuitionistic fuzzy threat assessment with the VIKOR method (Multi-criteria Optimization and Compromise Solution) to derive conditional probabilities. A time-based loss function matrix and dynamic decision-making rules are constructed by integrating time series with three-way decision theory. Experimental results demonstrate that the SoS-DTWD algorithm effectively transforms two-way ranking results into dynamic three-way classification, significantly improving combat effectiveness. Specifically, it increases aircraft survival rates by 12.05%–28.99%, enhances missile interception by 17.54%–44.39%, and improves laser weapon kill rates by 3%–5%. Moreover, the findings indicate that improving weapon and aircraft performance and enhancing cooperative tactics can contribute to higher survivability. The optimal results are achieved under low Radar Cross Section (RCS) and appropriate formation distance. This prototype system can evolve into a future real-time decision-making tool for cooperative laser weapon combat.