As the aging population increases, the global incidence of cardiovascular diseases is rapidly growing, and vascular intervention has become a mainstream treatment method for vascular diseases. However, due to the complexity of the in vivo environment, mechanical interactions such as compression, adhesion, and friction occur between the catheter and vascular tissue during the intervention process, which can cause varying degrees of tissue damage. This review examined the interaction mechanism between vascular tissue and interventional catheters in response to mechanical damage in interventional surgery. It also provided an overview of the work on surface modification of interventional catheters using hydrophilic lubricated and anti-adhesion coatings. The current paper aims to reduce postoperative complications for patients with cardiovascular disease and improve the safety and accuracy of cardiovascular surgery.