Ultra-thin glass (UTG) possesses a broad spectrum of applications in high-end electronic devices, such as foldable smartphones and flexible displays. Laser beam shaping for arc cutting UTG screens helps reduce stress concentration, thereby effectively enhancing their safety and longevity. However, the existing three-dimensional (3D) holography algorithms in beam shaping often suffer from high computational complexity and limited flexibility. To address these issues, we propose an iterative holographic algorithm combined with 3D chirp-z transform (3D-CZT) that generates 3D designable multi-foci with 90% light field uniformity. It also effectively corrects spherical aberration caused by refractive index mismatches, while maintaining precise beam shaping throughout the material. Moreover, by focusing on a specific region, the 3D-CZT method reduces the single iteration time to 0.5 seconds, achieving a speed one order of magnitude faster than conventional algorithms. On this basis, customizable glass-edge cutting by shaping the 3D-focused beam within the material is achieved. The glass edge demonstrates high geometric fidelity and remains smooth, mitigating the risk of micro-cracks. This work proposes a sophisticated and efficient methodology for the laser cutting of transparent materials.

The use of 'Electrostatic tweezers' is a promising tool for droplet manipulation, but it faces many limitations in manipulating droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces. Here, we achieve noncontact and multifunctional droplet manipulation on Nepenthes-inspired lubricated slippery surfaces via triboelectric electrostatic tweezers (TETs). The TET manipulation of droplets on a slippery surface has many advantages over electrostatic droplet manipulation on a superhydrophobic surface. The electrostatic field induces the redistribution of the charges inside the neutral droplet, which causes the triboelectric charged rod to drive the droplet to move forward under the electrostatic force. Positively or negatively charged droplets can also be driven by TET based on electrostatic attraction and repulsion. TET enables us to manipulate droplets under diverse conditions, including anti-gravity climb, suspended droplets, corrosive liquids, low-surface-tension liquids (e.g. ethanol with a surface tension of 22.3 mN·m⁻¹), different droplet volumes (from 100 nl to 0.5 ml), passing through narrow slits, sliding over damaged areas, on various solid substrates, and even droplets in an enclosed system. Various droplet-related applications, such as motion guidance, motion switching, droplet-based microreactions, surface cleaning, surface defogging, liquid sorting, and cell labeling, can be easily achieved with TETs.

Diverse natural organisms possess stimulus-responsive structures to adapt to the surrounding environment. Inspired by nature, researchers have developed various smart stimulus-responsive structures with adjustable properties and functions to address the demands of ever-changing application environments that are becoming more intricate. Among many fabrication methods for stimulus-responsive structures, femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW) has received increasing attention because of its high precision, simplicity, true three-dimensional machining ability, and wide applicability to almost all materials. This paper systematically outlines state-of-the-art research on stimulus-responsive structures prepared by FsLDW. Based on the introduction of femtosecond laser-matter interaction and mainstream FsLDW-based manufacturing strategies, different stimulating factors that can trigger structural responses of prepared intelligent structures, such as magnetic field, light, temperature, pH, and humidity, are emphatically summarized. Various applications of functional structures with stimuli-responsive dynamic behaviors fabricated by FsLDW, as well as the present obstacles and forthcoming development opportunities, are discussed.