Compared with traditional rain gauges and weather radars, hydrogel flexible electronic sensor capable of responding directly to rainfall events with promptness and authenticity, shows great prospects in real-time rainfall monitoring. Aluminum coordination hydrogel (Al-HG), one of the most qualified sensors suitable for rainfall monitoring, however, is currently impeded from widespread application by its weak mechanical properties due to the low binding strength between Al³⁺ and functional ligands. Herein, inspired by the antifreeze proteins (AFPs) that protect those Patagonian toothfishes by strongly binding to ice crystals at freezing temperatures, a low temperature-induced strategy is introduced to promote more and stronger ligand carboxyls firm combination with Al³⁺, thus forming a high-coordinated structure to deal with this challenge. Expectedly, the whole mechanical performance of the product Al-HG_F1/F2 obtained by the low temperature-induced strategy is improved. For example, the tensile fracture toughness and the maximum compressive stress of Al-HG_F1/F2 are 1.66 MJ·m⁻³ and 12.01 MPa, approximately twice those of the sample Al-HG_F3/F0 obtained by traditional soaking method (0.86 MJ·m⁻³ and 7.38 MPa, respectively). Coupled with its good biocompatibility, ionic conductivity, and sensing ability, Al-HG_F1/F2 demonstrates promising application for real-time rainfall monitoring in discrepant rainfall intensities, different zones, and even under extreme environments. This work aims to offer a stride toward mechanically robust aluminum coordination hydrogel sensors for real-time rainfall monitoring as well as provide insights into flood prevention and disaster mitigation.

Wound abnormalities such as secondary wound laceration and inflammation are common postoperative health hazards during clinical procedures. The continuous treatment, healing induction, and real-time visualization of wound status and complications, including wound re-tearing, inflammation, and morphology, are key focal points for comprehensive healthcare. Herein, an on-demand quadruple energy dissipative strategy was proposed for the nanoengineering of a physically and chemically synergistic double-layer gelatin-based bio-adhesive (DLGel) by combining a multi-network adhesive layer and a versatile electroactive energy dissipative layer based on contrivable interlocking micro-pillar arrays and crosslinked polymer chains. The subtly multiple energy dissipation designs enable DLGel with robust adhesive strength to omnipotently wet and dynamic tissue, providing a basis for reliable wound closure. DLGel achieves comprehensive wound-healing induction through electrical stimulation and possesses reversible underwater light/thermal adhesion, excellent hemostatic performance, outstanding antimicrobial properties, and self-repair capability. Furthermore, a novel deep-learning strategy is creatively established to respond to mechanical deformation due to wound anomalies. This strategy translates biological information into visual graphics, providing real-time early warning and assessment of postoperative wound-abnormality/-morphology, such as laceration, inflammation, and necrosis. Therefore, DLGel and its associated signal collection and processing protocol enable the integration of reliable wound closure, wound healing, and real-time postoperative wound-status warning and assessment within the unobservable and undetectable “black box” regions in a context of non-clinical comprehensive therapy.