Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide, highlighting the critical need for effective and accessible nutritional interventions. In this study, our findings suggest that dietary supplementation with food-grade potassium molybdate (K₂MoO₄) nanorod confers significant cardiovascular benefits in murine models, potentially mediated through enhanced antioxidant capacity, improved vascular remodeling, and prevention of atherosclerosis. The synthesized K₂MoO₄ nanorod displayed high purity, physicochemical stability, and bioavailability, providing a reliable strategy for cardiovascular modulation. Crucially, in vitro evaluations demonstrated that K₂MoO₄ nanorod exerts robust endothelial cytoprotection and profound intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capabilities. In vivo, supplementation with K₂MoO₄ nanorod increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and xanthine oxidase (XOD) levels, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, and improved glucose metabolism, indicating reduced systemic oxidative stress and enhanced metabolic regulation. K₂MoO₄ nanorod also improved vascular elasticity, as evidenced by decreased aortic stiffness and collagen deposition. In mouse models of atherosclerosis, it significantly reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation and lipid accumulation, showing its protective role against atherogenesis. Furthermore, K₂MoO₄ nanorod enhanced locomotor activity and alleviated anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. Together, these findings identify K₂MoO₄ nanorod as a bioavailable, multifunctional molybdenum-based nutrient that supports redox homeostasis and vascular function, accompanied by favorable changes in metabolic and behavioral phenotypes.

Light-drive hydrogen production using titanium-based perovskite is one sustainable way to reduce current reliance on fossil fuels, but its wide applications are still limited by high electron−hole recombination and sluggish surface reaction. Thus, the developments for low-cost and highly efficient co-catalysts remain urgent. Inspired by natural [NiFe]-hydrogenase active center structure, a hydrogenase-mimic, NiCo₂S₄ nanozyme was synthesized, and subsequently decorated onto the CaTiO₃ to catalyze the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Among the following test, CaTiO₃ with a 15% loading of NiCo₂S₄ nanozyme exhibited the highest HER rate of 307.76 μmol·g^–1·h^–1, which is 60 times higher than that of the CaTiO₃ alone. The results reveal that NiCo₂S₄ not only significantly increased the charge separation efficiency of the photogenerated carriers, but also substantively lowered the HER activation energy. Mechanism studies show that NiCo₂S₄ readily splits H₂O by forming the Ni(OH)-Co intermediate and only Ni in the bimetallic center alters the oxidation state during the HER process in a manner analogous to the [NiFe]-hydrogenase. In contrast to the often-expensive synthetic catalysts that rely on rare elements such as ruthenium and platinum, this study shows a promising way to develop the nature-inspired cocatalysts to enhance the photocatalysts’ HER performance.

Rational design of metallic active sites and its microenvironment is critical for constructing superoxide dismutase (SOD) nanozymes. Here, we reported a novel SOD nanozyme design, with employing graphene oxide (GO) as the framework, and δ-MnO₂ as the active sites, to mimic the natural Mn-SOD. This MnO₂@GO nanozyme exhibited multiscale laminated structures with honeycomb-like morphology, providing highly specific surface area for ·O₂⁻ adsorption and confined spaces for subsequent catalytic reactions. Thus, the nanozyme achieved superlative SOD-like catalytic performance with inhibition rate of 95.5%, which is 222.6% and 1605.4% amplification over GO and MnO₂ nanoparticles, respectively. Additionally, such unique hierarchical structural design endows MnO₂@GO with catalytic specificity, which was not present in the individual component (GO or MnO₂). This multiscale structural design provides new strategies for developing highly active and specific SOD nanozymes.