In this study, electrospinning was used to connect carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with multiple metals. Then, through high-temperature graphitization technology, uniformly sized high-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA NPs) were successfully synthesized in situ on CNFs. An electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous and sensitive detection of three heavy metal ions was fabricated based on FeCoNiCrCe/CNFs. In 0.1 mol/L acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution at pH 5, at deposition voltage and time of -1.3 V and 300 s, respectively, the limits of detection (LOD) of the electrochemical sensor were 0.06, 0.005 and 0.005 μmol/L (signal-to-noise ratio=3) for Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Cu²⁺, respectively. The excellent performance was considered to be attributed to the good conductivity and catalytic activity provided by HEA NPs and the higher specific surface area of CNFs exposing more active sites, which were synergistically conducive to the adsorption and desorption of heavy metal ions, thereby promoting the redox reaction and charge transfer of heavy metal ions. The FeCoNiCrCe/CNFs/GCE electrochemical sensor prepared in this study has promising application prospects in the detection of heavy metal ions in vegetables and fruits.

While a variety of wound dressing materials are available, the effective combination of multiple active components into a single composite dressing to optimize wound healing outcomes presents a substantial challenge. Herein, we introduce a novel trilayer nanofiber membrane (SNM) for accelerated infected wound healing. The SNM, fabricated via electrospinning, comprises a hydrophilic inner layer enriched with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) for antioxidant activity, an antimicrobial middle layer incorporating silver zeolitic imidazolate framework (Ag-ZIF), and a hydrophobic outer layer of waterborne polyurethane (WPU) for structural integrity. The SNM exhibits superior mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 8.83 ± 0.99 MPa and an elongation at break of 262.57% ± 30.06%, alongside a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of 521 g/(m²·24h). The SNM composites demonstrate potent bactericidal effects, achieving a 93.50% ± 5.77% and 94.39% ± 4.29% reduction against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Furthermore, the SNM exhibits a high 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging efficiency of 95% at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. Animal studies indicate significant wound healing enhancement, with the SNM-treated group achieving a 52.78% healing rate on day 3, compared to 11.15% for the control group. This work offers a promising strategy for the development of multifunctional wound dressings with integrated antibacterial nanomaterials and natural bioactive components within a single composite material.

Diatomic site catalysts (DACs) with two adjacent atomic metal species can provide synergistic interactions and more sophisticated functionalities to break the bottleneck of intrinsic drawbacks of single atom catalysts (SACs). Herein, we have designed a CuZn diatomic site (CuZn-DAS) electrocatalyst with unique coordination structure (CuN₄–ZnN₄) by anchoring and ordering the spatial distance between the metal precursors on the carbon nitride (C₃N₄) derived N-doped carbon (NC) substrate. The CuZn-DAS/NC shows high activity and selectivity for electroreduction CO₂ into CO. The Faradaic efficiency for CO of CuZn-DAS/NC (98.4%) is higher than that of Cu single atomic site on NC (Cu-SAS/NC) (36.4%) and Zn single atomic site on NC (Zn-SAS/NC) (66.8%) at −0.6 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE). In situ characterizations reveal that the CuZn-DAS is more favorable for the formation and adsorption of *COOH than those of the electrocatalysts with single atomic site. Theorical calculations show that the charge redistribution of Zn site in CuZn-DAS/NC caused by the considerable electron transfers from Zn atoms to the adjacent Cu atoms can reduce the adsorption energy barriers for *COOH and *CO production, improving the activity and CO selectivity.