Anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is essential to participate in diverse renewable energy conversion and storage processes, while most OER electrocatalysts present satisfactory catalytic performance in only alkaline or acidic medium, limiting their practical applications in many aspects. Herein, we have designed and prepared Ir-CeO₂-C nanofibers (NFs) via an electrospinning and a relatively low-temperature calcination strategy for OER application in both alkaline and acidic conditions. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations demonstrate the high catalytic active sites of Ir atoms for OER, and that the formation of Ir–O bonds at the interface between Ir and CeO₂ can modulate the electron density of the relevant Ir atoms to promote the OER activity. In addition, the unique nanofibrous heterostructure increases the exposed active sites and promotes the electrical conductivity. Therefore, the prepared Ir-CeO₂-C nanofibrous catalyst delivers an excellent OER property in both alkaline and acidic solutions. Impressively, the overpotentials to reach 10 mA·cm⁻² are only 279 and 283 mV in the alkaline and acidic electrolyte, respectively, with favorable long-term stabilities. In addition, the two-electrode overall water splitting set-ups equipped with Ir-CeO₂-C NFs as anode and commercial Pt/C as cathode provide a cell voltage of 1.54 and 1.53 V to drive 10 mA·cm⁻² in the alkaline and acidic electrolyte, respectively, which are much lower than Pt/C||IrO₂ and lots of transition metal oxides-based electrolyzers. This research presents an efficient means to design OER catalysts with superior properties in both alkaline and acidic solutions.

The excrescent electromagnetic (EM) radiation exposure in the air threatens human health and electronic equipment due to the abuse of EM waves in wireless telecommunication technology and electronic applications. Consequently, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials are provided to solve the EM waves pollution problem. In particular, the appearance of one-dimensional (1D) metallic, magnetic, and dielectric nanofillers will extremely reduce the density of EMI composite and enhance EMI protection performance because they can easily assemble to form complete two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) EMI network based on their high aspect ratio, large specific surface area, and additional attenuated sites. This review focuses on the EMI shielding composites with 1D metallic, magnetic, and dielectric nanofillers, which could be constructed in the final form of membrane- or aerogel/sponge-like shielding materials. According to the structural features, 1D metallic, magnetic, and dielectric nanofillers are classified into nanowires, nanorods, nanospindles, nanochains, nanofibers, nanotubes, nanorings, nanocoils, and quasi-one-dimensional (1D) van der Waals materials. Accordingly, the fabricated routes, shielding performances, and EM waves attenuation mechanism of the 1D metallic, magnetic, and dielectric nanofiller-based composites are summarized. It is found that the dominant shielding mechanism of most of the 1D metal-based EMI composites is reflection loss, while that of 1D magnetic and dielectric nanomaterials-based EMI composites is absorption loss caused by interfacial polarization, natural resonance, eddy current, and multiple scattering. Finally, the challenges and prospects of 1D nanofiller-based composites with a tunable architecture and composition are put forward, aiming to give a guideline for the next generation of high-performance EMI shielding materials.