With the widespread adoption of electronic devices and communication technologies, electromagnetic radiation issues have become increasingly prominent. Traditional wave-absorbing materials can no longer meet current demands. This study addresses the challenge of single-component materials having a limited loss mechanism by adopting a dielectric-magnetic synergy strategy to prepare a multi-component ZnSe/CoSe@CNF (ZCSF) composite, achieving excellent electromagnetic wave absorption (EMA). The continuous conductive network constructed by carbon nanofibers (CNF) and the favorable conductivity of ZnSe significantly enhance dielectric loss, while CoSe effectively improves magnetic loss. The synergy among multiple components enables efficient matching of dielectric and magnetic losses. The results show that the Z₂CSF-3 composite exhibits outstanding EMA performance, with a minimum reflection loss and maximum effective absorption bandwidth reaching −56.58 dB and 7.60 GHz, respectively. By combining density functional theory (DFT) calculations with computer simulation technology (CST) simulations, the multi-component synergistic loss mechanism was theoretically validated to enhance EMA performance, confirming that this material can serve as a high-performance electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorber. This research provides an effective strategy for designing high-performance multi-component EMA materials through dielectric-magnetic synergy effects.

In order to achieve an efficient response of the absorber to electromagnetic waves (EMW), vacancy modulation and phase optimization of the composites are crucial. In this study, a phosphorus-doped vacancy modulation and phase interface optimization engineering was designed to prepare nine MOFs-derived metal selenides@carbon double matrix P-doped NiSe₂/CoSe₂@NC (PNCS). The optimal solution of the EMW absorber mechanism was explored by modulating the doping concentration and the calcination temperature. The selection of safeguarded priorities in this work is of constructive significance for the rationalization of EMW absorber preparation is constructive. Upon achieving a ratio of one third of the phosphorus source in the selenide matrix, the calcination temperature of 400 ℃ introduces moderate defects, thus providing the sample with optimal EMW absorption capabilities. With a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 7.04 GHz at an ultra-thin matching thickness of 2.1 mm. This value covers the entire X and Ku bands within a usable thickness of 2.6 mm, which is significantly superior to other samples of the same type samples. The “dual-core-driven” strategy of heterogeneous interfaces and oxygen vacancies optimizes dielectric relaxation and polarization, supporting a prospective effect on the development and wide application of novel EMW absorbers.

To overcome the limitations of single-component electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers in achieving broadband impedance matching and synergistic loss mechanisms, this study proposes a bimetallic heterointerface engineering strategy. A CoS₂/NiS₂@HCNFs composite with a gradient electronic structure was fabricated via solvothermal-electrospinning technology, enabling systematic regulation of heterointerfaces and sulfur vacancies in the transition metal sulfides (TMS). Experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that band offset at the bimetallic heterojunction induces a strong built-in electric field (BIEF), driving interfacial charge gradient transfer. Sulfur vacancies act as high-frequency relaxation dipoles that couple with the BIEF, significantly enhancing Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars (MWS) interfacial polarization. Concurrently, the three-dimensional conductive network and multi-scattering structure of the hollow carbon nanofibers (HCNFs) synergistically optimize impedance matching and electromagnetic wave dissipation pathways. The optimized CNSF-1 sample achieves an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 10.08 GHz (covering X to Ku bands) at a thickness of 2.6 mm and a minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of −48.04 dB at 2.4 mm, demonstrating significantly superior performance to single-metal systems. This strategy offers a novel approach for designing “heterointerface-defect synergy” EMW absorption materials.

In view of the current serious electromagnetic pollution problem, it is urgent to study efficient electromagnetic wave absorbing materials. The construction of multiphase inhomogeneous interfaces is an effective means, especially for the fine design of multicomponent materials. In this study, multiphase composites with tunable heterogeneous interfaces were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis, carbon coating and high-temperature annealing processes. Multiple component composites constructed rich heterogeneous interfaces, which exhibited strong interfacial polarization effects and effectively improved the absorption efficiency of electromagnetic wave (EMW). The fine tuning of the heterogeneous interfaces is achieved through component adjustment, which enhances the charge carrier transport efficiency and the polarization loss capability. Ultimately, the multiphase VS₂@C@WS₂ composites obtained excellent EMW absorption performance, with the minimum reflection loss and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth of −66.35 dB and 5.12 GHz, respectively. In this work, the controllable construction of heterogeneous interfaces is achieved through the tuning of components, which provides a valuable method for optimizing the polarization loss.

Modern communication systems call for high performance electromagnetic wave absorption materials capable of mitigating microwaves over a wide frequency band. The synergistic effect of structure and component regulation on the electromagnetic wave absorption capacity of materials is considered. In this paper, a new type of three-dimensional porous carbon matrix composite is reported utilizing a reasonable design of surface impedance matching. Specifically, a thin layer of densely arranged Fe-Cr oxide particles is deposited on the surface of porous carbon via thermal reduction to prepare the Fe-Cr-O@PC composites. The effect of Cr doping on the electromagnetic wave absorption performance of the composites and the underlying attenuation mechanism have been uncovered. Consequently, outstanding electromagnetic wave absorption performance has been achieved in the composite, primarily contributed by the enhanced dielectric loss upon Cr doping. Accordingly, an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.08 GHz is achieved at a thickness of 1.4 mm, with a minimum reflection loss value of –52.71 dB. This work not only provides inspiration for the development of novel absorbers with superior performance but also holds significant potential for further advancement and practical application.

The rational design of composition nanostructures and morphologies of the carbon-based composites materials has a significant potential for tuning electromagnetic parameters and thereby improving their performance as electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers. In this work, the flower-like Cu/Co-NC/MoS₂ (NC = N-doped carbon skeleton) composites were successfully prepared by employing CuCoZn-ZIF (ZIF = zeolitic imidazolate framework) as precursor with subsequent annealing and hydrothermal technique. The unique flower-like morphology and electromagnetic synergy strategy between components enable the as-obtained Cu/Co-NC/MoS₂ composites to exhibit outstanding microwave absorption properties. Accordingly, the minimum reflection loss of Cu/Co-NC/MoS₂ reaches −54.36 dB at 2.7 mm. When the thickness reduces to 2.2 mm, the maximum effective absorption bandwidth can be achieved as large as 6.72 GHz. This research develops useful ideas for optimizing multicomponent microwave absorbing materials.

Advancements in power electronics necessitate dielectric polymer films capable of operating at high temperatures and possessing high energy density. Although significant strides have been achieved by integrating inorganic fillers into high-temperature polymer matrices, the inherently low dielectric constants of these matrices have tempered the magnitude of success. In this work, we report an innovative nanocomposite based on sulfonylated polyimide (SPI), distinguished by the incorporation of sulfonyl groups within the SPI backbone and the inclusion of wide bandgap hafnium dioxide (HfO₂) nanofillers. The nanocomposite has demonstrated notable enhancements in thermal stability, dielectric properties, and capacitive performance at elevated temperatures. Detailed simulations at both molecular and mesoscopic levels have elucidated the mechanisms behind these improvements, which could be attributed to confined segmental motion, an optimized electronic band structure, and a diminished incidence of dielectric breakdown ascribed to the presence of sulfonyl groups. Remarkably, the SPI-HfO₂ nanocomposite demonstrates a high charge-discharge efficiency of 95.7% at an elevated temperature of 150 °C and an applied electric field of 200 MV/m. Furthermore, it achieves a maximum discharged energy density of 2.71 J/cm³, signalling its substantial potential for energy storage applications under extreme conditions.

In this paper, the structure evolution of cerium cobaltohexanoate (Ce[Co(CN)₆], Ce-Co Prussian blue analog (PBA)) has been realized by solvent catalysis at room temperature. The hexagonal bipyramidal microcrystals of Ce-Co PBA can be gradually transformed into dendrites by different proportions of ethanol (EtOH) and water. At the same time, the porous dendrites CeO₂/Co@carbon nanotub (CNT) with oxygen-rich vacancies (OVs) can be obtained by annealing Ce-Co PBA at 700 °C. The microstructure study shows that carbon nanotubes will be catalyzed after annealing at high temperature, and the cobalt metal particles encapsulated in carbon nanotubes will be anchored in the matrix, regulating the impedance matching and multi-polarization suppression of the material, and its unique structure, vacancies, and strong interface effect make the material exhibit excellent electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance. When the matching thickness is 2.5 mm, the minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of the composite is −51.68 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth (RL < −10 dB) is 7.76 GHz. These results show that the prepared CeO₂/Co@CNT composite has excellent EMW absorption properties. It is expected to be a candidate material for EMW absorption.

Confronted with severe electromagnetic wave pollution, the development of high-performance electromagnetic wave shielding or absorbing materials is an effective way to deal with it. Notably, double transition metal alloys and transition metal dichalcogenides have attracted extensive attention in electromagnetic wave absorption, but few reports have studied the effects of these two materials on electromagnetic wave absorption at the same time. In this work, cobalt-based alloy with magnetic loss mechanism was selected for composition optimization. The ternary metal-organic framework was prepared by the one-step method, and then CoCu/C was prepared by high temperature annealing. Finally, in the hydrothermal process, ultra-thin tungsten selenide nanosheets were coated on the surface of magnetic component, and the final polyhedral WSe₂/CoCu/C composites with multiple heterogeneous interfaces were obtained. The synergistic effect of dielectric and magnetic components optimizes impedance matching and allows more electromagnetic waves to enter the absorber. Subsequently, through the conduction loss of high conductivity graphitized carbon, interfacial polarization, and dipole polarization of heterogeneous interfaces between the components, the magnetic loss provided by CoCu alloy can work together to maximize the attenuation ability of electromagnetic waves. Exactly, the minimum reflection loss (RL_min) value of the composite reaches −53.43 dB when the matched thickness is 2.1 mm, while the maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB_max) reaches 6.0 GHz at a thin thickness of 1.8 mm. This work provides some support and reference for the design of novel electromagnetic wave absorbing materials via the dielectric/magnetic loss synergistic mechanism.

To achieve excellent electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption properties, the microstructure design of the absorber is critical. In this work, six kinds of N-Ni/C nanostructures with different morphologies were prepared by one-step hydrothermal method and high temperature carbonization by adjusting the types of nickel salts and reaction solvents. The EMW absorption performance of six different morphologies of N-Ni/C nanostructures was compared and analyzed. Among them, it is found that the nanoflower-like N-Ni/C composite has excellent dielectric loss and magnetic loss synergistic effect due to its polycrystalline structure, and can obtain excellent EMW absorption performance. The minimum reflection loss value at a thickness of 1.9 mm is −59.56 dB at 16.88 GHz, and the effective absorption bandwidth value reaches 6.0 GHz at a thickness of 2.2 mm. Our research shows that different morphologies and multiple lattice structures of nanostructures with the same composition have a significant influence on EMW absorption performance, which provides new research ideas for developing high-performance EMW absorbing materials.