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Open Access Review Article Issue
Surface-functionalized design of blood-contacting biomaterials for preventing coagulation and promoting hemostasis
Friction 2023, 11 (8): 1371-1394
Published: 11 February 2023
Downloads:31

The anticoagulation and hemostatic properties of blood-contacting materials are opposite lines of research, but their realization mechanisms are inspired by each other. Contact between blood and implantable biomaterials is a classic problem in tribological research, as both antithrombotic and hemostatic materials are closely associated with this problem. Thrombus formation on the surfaces of blood-contacting biomedical devices can detrimentally affect their performance and patient life, so specific surface functionalization is required. Currently, intensive research has focused on the development of super-lubricated or super-hydrophobic coatings, as well as coatings that deliver antithrombotic drugs. In addition, hemostatic biomaterials with porous structures, biochemical substances, and strongly adhesive hydrogels can be used to achieve rapid and effective hemostasis via physical or biochemical mechanisms. This article reviews methods of preparing anticoagulant coatings on material surfaces and the current status of rapid hemostatic materials. It also summarizes fundamental concepts for the design and synthesis of anticoagulant and hemostatic materials by discussing thrombosis and hemostasis mechanisms in biomedical devices and normal organisms. Because there are relatively few reports reviewing the progress in surface-functionalized design for anticoagulation and hemostasis, it is anticipated that this review can provide a useful summary of the applications of both bio-adhesion and bio-lubrication techniques in the field of biomedical engineering.

Open Access Research Article Issue
Bioinspired surface functionalization of biodegradable mesoporous silica nanoparticles for enhanced lubrication and drug release
Friction 2023, 11 (7): 1194-1211
Published: 17 October 2022
Downloads:18

Osteoarthritis is associated with the significantly increased friction of the joint, which results in progressive and irreversible damage to the articular cartilage. A synergistic therapy integrating lubrication enhancement and drug delivery is recently proposed for the treatment of early-stage osteoarthritis. In the present study, bioinspired by the self-adhesion performance of mussels and super-lubrication property of articular cartilages, a biomimetic self-adhesive dopamine methacrylamide–poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (DMA–MPC) copolymer was designed and synthesized via free radical polymerization. The copolymer was successfully modified onto the surface of biodegradable mesoporous silica nanoparticles (bMSNs) by the dip-coating method to prepare the dual-functional nanoparticles (bMSNs@DMA–MPC), which were evaluated using a series of surface characterizations including the transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), etc. The tribological test and in vitro drug release test demonstrated that the developed nanoparticles were endowed with improved lubrication performance and achieved the sustained release of an anti-inflammatory drug, i.e., diclofenac sodium (DS). In addition, the in vitro biodegradation test showed that the nanoparticles were almost completely biodegraded within 10 d. Furthermore, the dual-functional nanoparticles were biocompatible and effectively reduced the expression levels of two inflammation factors such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In summary, the surface functionalized nanoparticles with improved lubrication and local drug release can be applied as a potential intra-articularly injected biolubricant for synergistic treatment of early-stage osteoarthritis.

Open Access Research Article Issue
Gelatin-based composite hydrogels with biomimetic lubrication and sustained drug release
Friction 2022, 10 (2): 232-246
Published: 11 January 2021
Downloads:15

The occurrence of osteoarthritis is closely related to progressive and irreversible destruction of the articular cartilage, which increases the friction significantly and causes further inflammation of the joint. Thus, a scaffold for articular cartilage defects should be developed via lubrication restoration and drug intervention. In this study, we successfully synthesized gelatin-based composite hydrogels, namely GelMA-PAM-PMPC, with the properties of biomimetic lubrication and sustained drug release by photopolymerization of methacrylic anhydride modified gelatin (GelMA), acrylamide (AM), and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC). Tribological test showed that the composite hydrogels remarkably enhanced lubrication due to the hydration lubrication mechanism, where a tenacious hydration shell was formed around the zwitterionic phosphocholine headgroups. In addition, drug release test indicated that the composite hydrogels efficiently encapsulated an anti-inflammatory drug (diclofenac sodium) and achieved sustained release. Furthermore, the in vitro test revealed that the composite hydrogels were biocompatible, and the mRNA expression of both anabolic and catabolic genes of the articular cartilage was suitably regulated. This indicated that the composite hydrogels could effectively protect chondrocytes from inflammatory cytokine-induced degeneration. In summary, the composite hydrogels that provide biomimetic hydration lubrication and sustained local drug release represent a promising scaffold for cartilage defects in the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Open Access Research Article Issue
Biodegradable lubricating mesoporous silica nanoparticles for osteoarthritis therapy
Friction 2022, 10 (1): 68-79
Published: 22 May 2020
Downloads:14

Osteoarthritis is characterized by lubrication failure of the articular cartilage and severe inflammation of the joint capsule. Lubricating mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been developed for the treatment of osteoarthritis based on enhanced lubrication and local drug delivery. However, MSNs are difficult to degrade in vivo in a short time, resulting in potential toxic effect due to bioaccumulation. In this study, biodegradable MSNs (bMSNs) were prepared through an oil-water biphase stratification method, and modified with poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphocholine) (PMPC) to synthesize lubricating drug-loaded nanoparticles (bMSNs-NH2@PMPC) by photopolymerization. The in vitro degradation test demonstrated that the bMSNs and bMSNs-NH2@PMPC almost degraded within 7 days. The tribiological test showed that the lubrication property of the bMSNs-NH2@PMPC was greatly improved, with a reduction of 50% in the friction coefficient (COF) compared with the bMSNs. It was attributed to hydration lubrication mechanism by which a tenacious hydration layer is formed surrounding the zwitterionic headgroups (N+(CH3)3 and PO4- ) in PMPC polyelectrolyte polymer. Additionally, the bMSNs-NH2@PMPC maintained excellent lubrication property under degradation and achieved sustained drug release behavior compared with the bMSNs. In summary, the biodegradable bMSNs-NH2@PMPC developed in this study with the properties of enhanced lubrication and drug delivery may be a promising approach for osteoarthritis therapy.

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