High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), with inherent advantages of improved ultrasonic depth and low off-target damage, holds the promising capability for glioma treatment, but the relatively long therapeutic time and potential physical complications may hamper its clinical application. Herein, a bovine serum albumin (BSA)-based nanoplatform with in situ growth of MnO₂ was synthesized, and Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) was further anchored to obtain a versatile PpIX@MnO₂@BSA nanoplatform (denoted as BMP). By employing HIFU as the exogenous irradiation source, a high-efficacy sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is developed, in which the excited BMP enables the production of tumoricidal reactive oxygen species (ROS). The inherent tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive property of MnO₂ endows BMP with specific T₁-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by releasing Mn²⁺, and the simultaneously generated O₂ facilitates hypoxia alleviation as well as ¹O₂ generation. Compared with HIFU therapy alone, suppression of glioma growth and improved survival benefits are achieved through the designed TME-responsive nanocomposite under HIFU exposure. The high-efficacy SDT strategy combining BMP and HIFU demonstrated favorable TME-responsive T₁-weighted MRI, hypoxic environment alleviation, and anti-tumor capability, providing a perspective paradigm for MRI-guided glioma treatment.

The effective drug treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is hindered by poor delivery efficiency to the diseased site and the serious side effects caused by wide-spread drug distribution. Traditional drug-targeting strategies, such as ligand modification, are complex, laborious, and inefficient. Inspired by the intrinsic relationship between platelets and RA, platelet-mimetic nanoparticles (PNPs) were developed for targeted drug delivery in RA. Through platelet receptor-mediated adhesion, an intact platelet membrane was coated onto poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles, endowing the resulting PNPs with various functional receptors. By coating with platelet membranes, the nanoparticles were stabilized and had a better circulation profile, providing a benefit for passive targeting. In vitro binding of PNPs to inflamed endothelium, and in vivo accumulation in joints of a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model of RA were significantly improved via P-selectin and GVPI recognition, indicating that the PNPs could effectively target to RA tissues through multiple mechanisms, similar to natural platelets. Moreover, FK506, a model drug, was loaded into the PNPs and used to treat RA. Pharmacodynamic studies demonstrated that the FK506-PNPs had a notable anti-arthritic effect in CIA mice. This study provides a new biomimetic targeting strategy with great potential for the treatment of RA.