Clock synchronization is one of the most fundamental and crucial network communication strategies. With the expansion of the Industrial Internet in numerous industrial applications, a new requirement for the precision, security, complexity, and other features of the clock synchronization mechanism has emerged in various industrial situations. This paper presents a study of standardized clock synchronization protocols and techniques for various types of networks, and a discussion of how these protocols and techniques might be classified. Following that is a description of how certain clock synchronization protocols and technologies, such as PROFINET, Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN), and other well-known industrial networking protocols, can be applied in a number of industrial situations. This study also investigates the possible future development of clock synchronization techniques and technologies.

Motion tracking via Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) on mobile and wearable devices has attracted significant interest in recent years. High-accuracy IMU-tracking can be applied in various applications, such as indoor navigation, gesture recognition, text input, etc. Many efforts have been devoted to improving IMU-based motion tracking in the last two decades, from early calibration techniques on ships or airplanes, to recent arm motion models used on wearable smart devices. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey on IMU-tracking techniques on mobile and wearable devices. We also reveal the key challenges in IMU-based motion tracking on mobile and wearable devices and possible directions to address these challenges.

Camera-equipped mobile devices are encouraging people to take more photos and the development and growth of social networks is making it increasingly popular to share photos online. When objects appear in overlapping Fields Of View (FOV), this means that they are drawing much attention and thus indicates their popularity. Successfully discovering and locating these objects can be very useful for many applications, such as criminal investigations, event summaries, and crowdsourcing-based Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Existing methods require either prior knowledge of the environment or intentional photographing. In this paper, we propose a seamless approach called “Spotlight”, which performs passive localization using crowdsourced photos. Using a graph-based model, we combine object images across multiple camera views. Within each set of combined object images, a photographing map is built on which object localization is performed using plane geometry. We evaluate the system’s localization accuracy using photos taken in various scenarios, with the results showing our approach to be effective for passive object localization and to achieve a high level of accuracy.