To quantitatively describe the coupling between organism growth of several major organisms and nitrogen transformation in unfed sea cucumber-shrimp-macroalgae integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) ponds, we established a pond nitrogen dynamics model based on the STELLA platform. The model coupled growth processes of phytoplankton, zooplankton, Ulva lactuca, Apostichopus japonicus, and Penaeus japonicus with the budget and transformation of particulate organic nitrogen (PON), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite nitrogen (
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South China Fisheries Science 2026, 22(5): 11-26
Published: 05 October 2026
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